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<p>Incorporating Low Impact Development (LID) modeling tools into hydrological models is essential for planning effective runoff and groundwater recharge management strategies at large river basin scales. The main contribution of this study is the integration of new and accurate LID subroutines into the widely used large-scale comprehensive hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The LID subroutines are formulated using the physics-based Green-Ampt infiltration model for multi-layered soil, which modifies the existing simplistic single-layered infiltration modeling framework in SWAT. The LID subroutines are formulated for bio-retention cells, rain gardens, roof gardens, infiltration trenches, and permeable pavements, and their applicability is tested in a large river basin. The multi-layered Green-Ampt infiltration model is also added as a runoff modeling subroutine in SWAT to account for vertical heterogeneity in soil profiles within river basins, while simulating surface runoff from non-LID portions. When tested with the new infiltration subroutine, the hydrological model for the study area produced R<sup>2</sup> and NSE values of 0.77 and 0.69, respectively, indicating good model performance. Furthermore, evaluating LID implementation scenarios at the river basin level revealed reduced surface runoff and a corresponding increase in aquifer recharge. By integrating physics-based LID subroutines, the enhanced SWAT model developed in this study will facilitate LID impact assessment for planning and designing sustainable runoff management in large and spatially heterogeneous river basins.</p>

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A Novel Approach To Integrate Low Impact Development (LID) Modules into the SWAT Model To Facilitate Sustainable Urban Drainage Planning at River Basin Scales

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Sreethu Subrahmanian,
  • Arun Rajasekaran Sankarbalaji,
  • Elanchezhiyan Duraisekaran,
  • S. Murty Bhallamudi,
  • Balaji Narasimhan

摘要

Incorporating Low Impact Development (LID) modeling tools into hydrological models is essential for planning effective runoff and groundwater recharge management strategies at large river basin scales. The main contribution of this study is the integration of new and accurate LID subroutines into the widely used large-scale comprehensive hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The LID subroutines are formulated using the physics-based Green-Ampt infiltration model for multi-layered soil, which modifies the existing simplistic single-layered infiltration modeling framework in SWAT. The LID subroutines are formulated for bio-retention cells, rain gardens, roof gardens, infiltration trenches, and permeable pavements, and their applicability is tested in a large river basin. The multi-layered Green-Ampt infiltration model is also added as a runoff modeling subroutine in SWAT to account for vertical heterogeneity in soil profiles within river basins, while simulating surface runoff from non-LID portions. When tested with the new infiltration subroutine, the hydrological model for the study area produced R2 and NSE values of 0.77 and 0.69, respectively, indicating good model performance. Furthermore, evaluating LID implementation scenarios at the river basin level revealed reduced surface runoff and a corresponding increase in aquifer recharge. By integrating physics-based LID subroutines, the enhanced SWAT model developed in this study will facilitate LID impact assessment for planning and designing sustainable runoff management in large and spatially heterogeneous river basins.