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<p>Maize streak virus (MSV) has four genes: <i>cp,</i> encoding the coat protein; <i>mp,</i> the movement protein; and <i>repA</i> and <i>rep,</i> encoding two distinct replication-associated proteins from an alternatively spliced transcript. These genes play roles in encapsidation, movement, replication, and interactions with the external environment, making them prone to stimuli-driven molecular adaptation. We accomplished selection studies on publicly available curated, recombination-free, complete coding sequences for representative A-strain maize streak virus (MSV-A) <i>cp</i> and <i>mp</i> genes. We found evidence of gene-wide selection in these two MSV genes at specific sites within the genes (<i>cp</i> 1.23% and <i>mp</i> 0.99%). Positively selected sites have amino acids that are 60% hydrophilic and 40% hydrophobic in nature. We found significant evidence of positive selection at branches (<i>cp</i>: 0.76 and <i>mp</i>:1.66%) representing the diversity of MSV-A-strain in South Africa, which is related to the MSV-A-matA isolate (GenBank accession number: AF329881), well disseminated and adapted to the maize plant in sub-Saharan Africa. In the <i>mp</i> gene, selection significantly intensified for the overall diversities of the MSV-A sequences and those more related to the MSV-Mat-A isolate. These findings reveal that despite predominantly undergoing non-diversifying selection, the detectable diversifying positive selection observed in these genes may play a major role in MSV-A host adaptive evolution, ensuring sufficient pathogenicity for onward transmission without killing the host.</p>

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Detectable episodic positive selection in the virion strand a-strain Maize streak virus genes may have a role in its host adaptation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Kehinde A. Oyeniran,
  • Mobolaji O. Tenibiaje

摘要

Maize streak virus (MSV) has four genes: cp, encoding the coat protein; mp, the movement protein; and repA and rep, encoding two distinct replication-associated proteins from an alternatively spliced transcript. These genes play roles in encapsidation, movement, replication, and interactions with the external environment, making them prone to stimuli-driven molecular adaptation. We accomplished selection studies on publicly available curated, recombination-free, complete coding sequences for representative A-strain maize streak virus (MSV-A) cp and mp genes. We found evidence of gene-wide selection in these two MSV genes at specific sites within the genes (cp 1.23% and mp 0.99%). Positively selected sites have amino acids that are 60% hydrophilic and 40% hydrophobic in nature. We found significant evidence of positive selection at branches (cp: 0.76 and mp:1.66%) representing the diversity of MSV-A-strain in South Africa, which is related to the MSV-A-matA isolate (GenBank accession number: AF329881), well disseminated and adapted to the maize plant in sub-Saharan Africa. In the mp gene, selection significantly intensified for the overall diversities of the MSV-A sequences and those more related to the MSV-Mat-A isolate. These findings reveal that despite predominantly undergoing non-diversifying selection, the detectable diversifying positive selection observed in these genes may play a major role in MSV-A host adaptive evolution, ensuring sufficient pathogenicity for onward transmission without killing the host.