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<p>The global surge of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) imposes an unnoticed but significant threat, fueling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Being a neglected host, camels suffering from subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> present a crucial one-health hazard. The current study investigated the prevalence, associated risk factors, in silico structural modeling, and antimicrobial resistance profiling of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from SCM in camels. A total of 384 milk samples were evaluated by the California mastitis test (CMT), followed by phenotypic and genotypic approaches to identify and isolate <i>E. coli</i> and ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>. The results revealed 35.1% and 37.8% prevalence of SCM and <i>E. coli</i>, respectively. The potential risk factors, like breed, use of teat dip, stage of lactation, herd hygiene, and parity, were significantly associated with SCM in camels. Molecular insights determined 33.4% prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates encoded by the <i>bla</i>CTX-M gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>bla</i>CTX-M gene of study <i>E. coli</i> isolates (PX238420, PX238421, PX238422, and PX238423) revealed close genetic resemblance with retrieved NCBI sequences from different countries. In silico protein analysis revealed the structural configurations of the protein driving AMR. Moreover, Antimicrobial resistance profiling of study isolates revealed a high resistance pattern among beta-lactam antibiotics. The study highlights increasing prevalence and associated AMR of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates in camel SCM and suggests devising better management practices and an antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce the associated losses.</p>

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Molecular insights, resistance profiling, and in silico structural modeling of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in camels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Mahpara Safdar,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Arslan Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Umar Javed,
  • Kehkshan Shahid,
  • Maria Batool,
  • Gulbaz Anwar,
  • Hamza Rasheed,
  • Ashraf Ali

摘要

The global surge of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) imposes an unnoticed but significant threat, fueling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Being a neglected host, camels suffering from subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by ESBL-producing E. coli present a crucial one-health hazard. The current study investigated the prevalence, associated risk factors, in silico structural modeling, and antimicrobial resistance profiling of ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from SCM in camels. A total of 384 milk samples were evaluated by the California mastitis test (CMT), followed by phenotypic and genotypic approaches to identify and isolate E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli. The results revealed 35.1% and 37.8% prevalence of SCM and E. coli, respectively. The potential risk factors, like breed, use of teat dip, stage of lactation, herd hygiene, and parity, were significantly associated with SCM in camels. Molecular insights determined 33.4% prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates encoded by the blaCTX-M gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the blaCTX-M gene of study E. coli isolates (PX238420, PX238421, PX238422, and PX238423) revealed close genetic resemblance with retrieved NCBI sequences from different countries. In silico protein analysis revealed the structural configurations of the protein driving AMR. Moreover, Antimicrobial resistance profiling of study isolates revealed a high resistance pattern among beta-lactam antibiotics. The study highlights increasing prevalence and associated AMR of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in camel SCM and suggests devising better management practices and an antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce the associated losses.