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<p>Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) is a widespread virus and one of the etiological agents of “kennel cough”, a multifactorial disease involving both viral and bacterial pathogens, including <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> (<i>B. bronchiseptica)</i>. Clinical manifestation is characterized by tracheobronchitis, which is generally associated with mild, self-limiting respiratory signs. In this study, we describe a respiratory outbreak associated with CAdV-2 and <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> infection in a Boxer breeding kennel in Southern Italy during the winter of 2023/2024. Several dogs showed fever and respiratory signs, characterized by a typical hacking cough. One adult dog exhibited more severe clinical signs and was urgently referred to a private veterinary hospital. <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample; subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing guided the antimicrobial treatment, leading to clinical improvement. A few weeks later, a six-month-old puppy from the same kennel showed similar respiratory signs. Thoracic radiological examination revealed signs of bronchopneumonia, and bacteriological examination of a BAL sample resulted in the isolation of <i>B. bronchiseptica</i>. This puppy had not completed the immunization plan due to recurrent respiratory disease and died in February 2024 when was eight-month-old. Necropsy evidenced acute bronchopneumonia with lung hepatization. CAdV-2 DNA was detected by PCR in multiple organs. Other respiratory viruses were excluded using real-time or end-point PCR protocols. Sequencing of E3, Hexon and Fiber was performed to compare them with related sequences in international databases. A high degree of nucleotide identity with CAdV-2 strains detected in dogs and wild animals in northern Italy, as well as in raccoon dogs in South Korea has been reported. This case report demonstrates that CAdV-2, although generally considered a secondary respiratory pathogen, can be a cause of severe and fatal disease, particularly under epidemic conditions and in association with multidrug-resistant bacterial co-infections with <i>B. bronchiseptica</i>.</p>

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Fatal multidrug-resistant Bordetella bronchiseptica and CAdV-2 coinfection in an 8-month-old boxer puppy, Southern Italy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Gianmarco Ferrara,
  • Francesca Paola Nocera,
  • Michela Arcangela Forgione,
  • Francesco Mira,
  • Filomena Fiorito

摘要

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) is a widespread virus and one of the etiological agents of “kennel cough”, a multifactorial disease involving both viral and bacterial pathogens, including Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica). Clinical manifestation is characterized by tracheobronchitis, which is generally associated with mild, self-limiting respiratory signs. In this study, we describe a respiratory outbreak associated with CAdV-2 and B. bronchiseptica infection in a Boxer breeding kennel in Southern Italy during the winter of 2023/2024. Several dogs showed fever and respiratory signs, characterized by a typical hacking cough. One adult dog exhibited more severe clinical signs and was urgently referred to a private veterinary hospital. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample; subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing guided the antimicrobial treatment, leading to clinical improvement. A few weeks later, a six-month-old puppy from the same kennel showed similar respiratory signs. Thoracic radiological examination revealed signs of bronchopneumonia, and bacteriological examination of a BAL sample resulted in the isolation of B. bronchiseptica. This puppy had not completed the immunization plan due to recurrent respiratory disease and died in February 2024 when was eight-month-old. Necropsy evidenced acute bronchopneumonia with lung hepatization. CAdV-2 DNA was detected by PCR in multiple organs. Other respiratory viruses were excluded using real-time or end-point PCR protocols. Sequencing of E3, Hexon and Fiber was performed to compare them with related sequences in international databases. A high degree of nucleotide identity with CAdV-2 strains detected in dogs and wild animals in northern Italy, as well as in raccoon dogs in South Korea has been reported. This case report demonstrates that CAdV-2, although generally considered a secondary respiratory pathogen, can be a cause of severe and fatal disease, particularly under epidemic conditions and in association with multidrug-resistant bacterial co-infections with B. bronchiseptica.