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<p>Hedgehogs represent a promising indicator for evaluating environmental health. We investigated the occurrence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) <i>Escherichia coli</i> in intestinal contents from 49 European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>) deceased at a Wildlife Rescue Centre in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Bacteriological analysis was performed to isolate 3GCR-<i>E. coli</i>; antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) profiles of the isolates were evaluated by broth dilution (MIC). The presence of <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M,</sub> <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CMY−2</sub>genes was assessed by PCR assay. 3GCR-<i>E. coli</i> were detected in 51% of the examined hedgehogs (<i>n</i> = 25/49). The majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR); resistance was recorded against the β-lactams cefotaxime, cefazolin, and ampicillin in 100% (<i>n</i> = 25/25) of isolates while amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in 52% (<i>n</i> = 13/25). Resistance against enrofloxacin and flumequine was found in 92% (<i>n</i> = 23/25) of isolates and tetracycline in 64% (<i>n</i> = 16/25). All the isolates were susceptible to colistin and florfenicol, and most of them were susceptible to kanamycin (96%, <i>n</i> = 24/25). The most frequently detected resistance gene was <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> (52%, <i>n</i> = 13/25), followed by <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> (36%, <i>n</i> = 9/25) and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M</sub> (28%, <i>n</i> = 7/25). Seven isolates carried two ESBL genes, five being <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> / <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub>, and two <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> / <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M</sub>. No isolates harbored <i>bla</i><sub>CMY−2</sub> gene. Our study provides the first data on the occurrance of 3GCR-<i>E. coli</i> in European hedgehogs admitted to a wildlife rescue centre in Northern Italy. However, since the sampled animals were not collected through a field-based survey, the findings should not be considered representative of the wider free-ranging population. Nonetheless, resistance profiles and genomic characterization of these isolates provide useful information on AMR circulation in human-impacted environments.</p>

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Occurrence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from a wildlife rescue centre in Lombardy, Northern Italy

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • S. Raineri,
  • A. Gazzola,
  • G. Dilio,
  • S. Ventura,
  • A. M. Maisano,
  • F. Guarneri,
  • N. Formenti,
  • G. L. Alborali,
  • C. F. Magistrali,
  • J. Filipe,
  • Maria Cristina Rapi,
  • G. Grilli

摘要

Hedgehogs represent a promising indicator for evaluating environmental health. We investigated the occurrence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) Escherichia coli in intestinal contents from 49 European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) deceased at a Wildlife Rescue Centre in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Bacteriological analysis was performed to isolate 3GCR-E. coli; antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) profiles of the isolates were evaluated by broth dilution (MIC). The presence of blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY−2genes was assessed by PCR assay. 3GCR-E. coli were detected in 51% of the examined hedgehogs (n = 25/49). The majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR); resistance was recorded against the β-lactams cefotaxime, cefazolin, and ampicillin in 100% (n = 25/25) of isolates while amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in 52% (n = 13/25). Resistance against enrofloxacin and flumequine was found in 92% (n = 23/25) of isolates and tetracycline in 64% (n = 16/25). All the isolates were susceptible to colistin and florfenicol, and most of them were susceptible to kanamycin (96%, n = 24/25). The most frequently detected resistance gene was blaTEM (52%, n = 13/25), followed by blaSHV (36%, n = 9/25) and blaCTX−M (28%, n = 7/25). Seven isolates carried two ESBL genes, five being blaTEM / blaSHV, and two blaTEM / blaCTX−M. No isolates harbored blaCMY−2 gene. Our study provides the first data on the occurrance of 3GCR-E. coli in European hedgehogs admitted to a wildlife rescue centre in Northern Italy. However, since the sampled animals were not collected through a field-based survey, the findings should not be considered representative of the wider free-ranging population. Nonetheless, resistance profiles and genomic characterization of these isolates provide useful information on AMR circulation in human-impacted environments.