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<p>Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infections cause significant economic losses in global poultry production through nephritis, enteritis, and growth retardation, yet commercial vaccines remain unavailable. This study evaluated a novel inactivated CAstV vaccine’s capacity to induce protective maternal antibodies in specific-pathogen free breeder chickens and subsequent progeny protection. One hundred SPF breeder chickens received two dose vaccination (10 and 16 weeks) with inactivated vaccine containing Genogroup B strain IP2024-00664 (GenBank: PX146716.1, complete ORF-2 capsid protein gene, 2,247&#xa0;bp). Comprehensive serological monitoring used validated ELISA protocols. Progeny underwent controlled challenges at 3 days post hatch with homologous IP2024-00664 and heterologous ASN/CAstV/EG/2025 (nephropathogenic Genogroup B strains) using 10 chicks per group. Endpoints included clinical protection, viral suppression, histopathological changes, and economic parameters analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and cost effectiveness modeling. Vaccinated breeders demonstrated exceptional immunological responses with peak antibody titers of 14,350 ± 1,892 versus baseline 35 ± 8 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Maternal antibody transfer ratio reached 125%. Progeny achieved complete clinical protection with 100% survival rates (20/20) against both challenges compared to control groups showing 0% survival (0/10, heterologous challenge) and 30% survival (3/10, homologous challenge) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed functional sterilizing immunity with viral RNA levels below the assay detection limit in vaccinated groups. Cost effectiveness analysis revealed favorable return on investment (base-case ROI: 187% per protected bird; sensitivity range: 62–312%) with break even at 0.27% mortality prevention. This inactivated CAstV vaccine successfully induced high titer, transferable maternal antibodies providing functional sterilizing immunity against phylogenetically distinct nephropathogenic challenges.</p>

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Maternal antibody-mediated protection against chicken astrovirus: efficacy of novel inactivated vaccine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Nahed Yahia,
  • Sara Hussein Mahmoud,
  • Ahmed Abdelhalim,
  • Halima Rhazi,
  • Ahmed Bin Salman,
  • Renade Bin Atmah,
  • Sunil Kamar,
  • Hussien Ali Hussien,
  • Samah Eid,
  • Ahmed Aly Khalil

摘要

Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infections cause significant economic losses in global poultry production through nephritis, enteritis, and growth retardation, yet commercial vaccines remain unavailable. This study evaluated a novel inactivated CAstV vaccine’s capacity to induce protective maternal antibodies in specific-pathogen free breeder chickens and subsequent progeny protection. One hundred SPF breeder chickens received two dose vaccination (10 and 16 weeks) with inactivated vaccine containing Genogroup B strain IP2024-00664 (GenBank: PX146716.1, complete ORF-2 capsid protein gene, 2,247 bp). Comprehensive serological monitoring used validated ELISA protocols. Progeny underwent controlled challenges at 3 days post hatch with homologous IP2024-00664 and heterologous ASN/CAstV/EG/2025 (nephropathogenic Genogroup B strains) using 10 chicks per group. Endpoints included clinical protection, viral suppression, histopathological changes, and economic parameters analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and cost effectiveness modeling. Vaccinated breeders demonstrated exceptional immunological responses with peak antibody titers of 14,350 ± 1,892 versus baseline 35 ± 8 (P < 0.001). Maternal antibody transfer ratio reached 125%. Progeny achieved complete clinical protection with 100% survival rates (20/20) against both challenges compared to control groups showing 0% survival (0/10, heterologous challenge) and 30% survival (3/10, homologous challenge) (P < 0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed functional sterilizing immunity with viral RNA levels below the assay detection limit in vaccinated groups. Cost effectiveness analysis revealed favorable return on investment (base-case ROI: 187% per protected bird; sensitivity range: 62–312%) with break even at 0.27% mortality prevention. This inactivated CAstV vaccine successfully induced high titer, transferable maternal antibodies providing functional sterilizing immunity against phylogenetically distinct nephropathogenic challenges.