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Objective <p>This study compared the outcomes of laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOVE) and open ovariectomy (OVE) in dogs, assessing pain, quality of recovery, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.</p> Study design <p>A prospective clinical study.</p> Animals <p>Twenty anestrous female dogs, ten for each group.</p> Methods <p>The parameters compared between the two groups were: incision length, surgical time, pain, along with concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and substance P (SP), measuring one hour before surgery (T0), two hours (T1), 24&#xa0;h (T2), and seven days post-surgery (T3); quality of recovery (QoR-15) at T0, T2 and T3.</p> Results <p>LOVE results in a longer surgery time, while a shorter incision length. CRP was higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) at T1 but lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) at T2 and T3 in LOVE than in OVE group. At T1 and T2 lower SAA concentrations were found in OVE groups compared to LOVE group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001); and at T3, SP was higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the OVE group compared to the LOVE group. Pain at T1 and T2, and QoR-15 at T2 and T3, showed better scores (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) in LOVE compared to OVE group.</p> Conclusion <p>This study showed that laparoscopic ovariectomy resulted in moderate surgical trauma and postoperative pain, reducing the time for recovery compared to a laparotomic procedure. Serum concentrations of CRP and SP, predictive biomarkers of postoperative systemic inflammation, confirm a greater inflammatory response in the LOVE group, which may explain the prolonged recovery times observed in these group. Our results indicate that SAA is not a reliable marker of mild surgical stress, whereas CRP remains a valid indicator of postoperative inflammation in canine ovariectomy. SP showed promising consistency with the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, supporting its potential as a biomarker for perioperative pain. Preliminary findings also suggest the feasibility of using the adapted QoR-15 scale in dogs. Overall, laparoscopic ovariectomy confirmed clear advantages over open laparotomy, including reduced inflammation, lower pain levels, and faster recovery. Further studies with larger cohorts and long-term follow-up are needed to validate these tools and assess the broader welfare implications of different surgical approaches.</p> Clinical significance <p>This study supports the advantages of laparoscopic techniques for ovariectomy, particularly in terms of the patient’s recovery quality.</p>

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Comparison of outcomes between laparotomic and laparoscopic elective ovariectomy in anestrus dogs: postoperative recovery, pain and inflammatory biomarkers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Chiara Del Prete,
  • Alfonso Calabria,
  • Veronica Palumbo,
  • Maria Anna Nappo ,
  • Silvia Ammirati,
  • Davide Ciccarelli,
  • Fabiana Micieli ,
  • Michal Andrzej Kosior,
  • Carmine Carbone,
  • Natascia Cocchia

摘要

Objective

This study compared the outcomes of laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOVE) and open ovariectomy (OVE) in dogs, assessing pain, quality of recovery, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.

Study design

A prospective clinical study.

Animals

Twenty anestrous female dogs, ten for each group.

Methods

The parameters compared between the two groups were: incision length, surgical time, pain, along with concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and substance P (SP), measuring one hour before surgery (T0), two hours (T1), 24 h (T2), and seven days post-surgery (T3); quality of recovery (QoR-15) at T0, T2 and T3.

Results

LOVE results in a longer surgery time, while a shorter incision length. CRP was higher (P < 0.05) at T1 but lower (P < 0.001) at T2 and T3 in LOVE than in OVE group. At T1 and T2 lower SAA concentrations were found in OVE groups compared to LOVE group (P < 0.001); and at T3, SP was higher (P < 0.05) in the OVE group compared to the LOVE group. Pain at T1 and T2, and QoR-15 at T2 and T3, showed better scores (P < 0.01) in LOVE compared to OVE group.

Conclusion

This study showed that laparoscopic ovariectomy resulted in moderate surgical trauma and postoperative pain, reducing the time for recovery compared to a laparotomic procedure. Serum concentrations of CRP and SP, predictive biomarkers of postoperative systemic inflammation, confirm a greater inflammatory response in the LOVE group, which may explain the prolonged recovery times observed in these group. Our results indicate that SAA is not a reliable marker of mild surgical stress, whereas CRP remains a valid indicator of postoperative inflammation in canine ovariectomy. SP showed promising consistency with the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, supporting its potential as a biomarker for perioperative pain. Preliminary findings also suggest the feasibility of using the adapted QoR-15 scale in dogs. Overall, laparoscopic ovariectomy confirmed clear advantages over open laparotomy, including reduced inflammation, lower pain levels, and faster recovery. Further studies with larger cohorts and long-term follow-up are needed to validate these tools and assess the broader welfare implications of different surgical approaches.

Clinical significance

This study supports the advantages of laparoscopic techniques for ovariectomy, particularly in terms of the patient’s recovery quality.