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<p>Road verge plants are often exposed to high levels of pollutants from vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and other sources, and face challenges in their reproductive success. Pollen grains, the male germ unit of flowering plants, are vulnerable to any stress condition. Pollen viability and pollen germination are critical for plant reproductive success. The present study examines the effects of vehicular pollution on pollen viability and germination. Based on traffic load, three sites were selected: a low-traffic area (Site 1), a moderate-traffic area (Site 2), and a heavy-traffic area (Site 3). The study was conducted in three distinct roadside areas of Tripura, Northeast India, during the 2023 and 2025 flowering seasons. From all the sites, fresh pollen samples were collected from <i>Solanum sisymbriifolium</i> Lam., <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i> L., and <i>Senna alata</i> (L.) Roxb. and examined for pollen viability and pollen germination. It was observed that significant variation in pollen viability and germination occurred across all sites and species. The highest percentages of pollen viability were observed in Site 1, while the lowest percentages of pollen viability were found in Site 3. Among the studied plants, <i>M. malabathricum</i> shows the highest percentage of viable pollen across all sites, while <i>S. alata</i> exhibits the highest number of germinated pollen grains across all sites. This study indicates that pollen grains of roadside plants are significantly affected by vehicular traffic pollution. Both pollen viability and germination decline with increasing traffic levels, especially in highly trafficked areas. Such sensitivity highlights the vulnerability of male reproductive success to environmental stress. Nevertheless, the continued flowering of these plants suggests a degree of adaptability that may buffer against adverse conditions and help sustain plant–pollinator interactions in disturbed habitats.</p>

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Influence of different roadsides on reproductive success: Assessing pollen viability and germination in some road verge plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Marami Mili,
  • Sani Das,
  • Suman Paul,
  • Tiluttama Doley,
  • Antara Bose,
  • Badal Kumar Datta

摘要

Road verge plants are often exposed to high levels of pollutants from vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and other sources, and face challenges in their reproductive success. Pollen grains, the male germ unit of flowering plants, are vulnerable to any stress condition. Pollen viability and pollen germination are critical for plant reproductive success. The present study examines the effects of vehicular pollution on pollen viability and germination. Based on traffic load, three sites were selected: a low-traffic area (Site 1), a moderate-traffic area (Site 2), and a heavy-traffic area (Site 3). The study was conducted in three distinct roadside areas of Tripura, Northeast India, during the 2023 and 2025 flowering seasons. From all the sites, fresh pollen samples were collected from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Melastoma malabathricum L., and Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and examined for pollen viability and pollen germination. It was observed that significant variation in pollen viability and germination occurred across all sites and species. The highest percentages of pollen viability were observed in Site 1, while the lowest percentages of pollen viability were found in Site 3. Among the studied plants, M. malabathricum shows the highest percentage of viable pollen across all sites, while S. alata exhibits the highest number of germinated pollen grains across all sites. This study indicates that pollen grains of roadside plants are significantly affected by vehicular traffic pollution. Both pollen viability and germination decline with increasing traffic levels, especially in highly trafficked areas. Such sensitivity highlights the vulnerability of male reproductive success to environmental stress. Nevertheless, the continued flowering of these plants suggests a degree of adaptability that may buffer against adverse conditions and help sustain plant–pollinator interactions in disturbed habitats.