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<p>Ecological communities are shaped by intricate species interactions that influence ecosystem functions, stability, and biodiversity. Among these, plant-insect relationships play a particularly significant role in structuring ecological communities. The coevolution between plants and insects have been a key driver of their remarkable diversification, leading to a wide range of interactions, from mutualism to antagonism. In this study, we investigated the pollination biology of <i>Sapium glandulosum</i> (Euphorbiaceae) within a Cerrado palm swamp.We also recorded nectary visitors and identified the herbivores associated with the plant, particularly those specialized in feeding on latex. Our findings indicate that flies were the primary pollinators of <i>S. glandulosum</i>. Additionally, <i>Neolithus fasciatus</i> (Hemiptera) was the only herbivore observed; as its gall formation may allow it to bypass the plant’s chemical defenses. Our results highlight the importance of Diptera as pollinators of <i>S. glandulosum</i> and the role of social wasps in regulating the herbivore population in the palm swamp.</p>

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Do the traits of flowers and nectaries in Sapium glandulosum (Euphorbiaceae) shape insect interactions?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月22日

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  • Renan Oliveira Alves Cardoso Kobal,
  • Rachel Silva Araújo,
  • Alex Riul Fernandes,
  • Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi

摘要

Ecological communities are shaped by intricate species interactions that influence ecosystem functions, stability, and biodiversity. Among these, plant-insect relationships play a particularly significant role in structuring ecological communities. The coevolution between plants and insects have been a key driver of their remarkable diversification, leading to a wide range of interactions, from mutualism to antagonism. In this study, we investigated the pollination biology of Sapium glandulosum (Euphorbiaceae) within a Cerrado palm swamp.We also recorded nectary visitors and identified the herbivores associated with the plant, particularly those specialized in feeding on latex. Our findings indicate that flies were the primary pollinators of S. glandulosum. Additionally, Neolithus fasciatus (Hemiptera) was the only herbivore observed; as its gall formation may allow it to bypass the plant’s chemical defenses. Our results highlight the importance of Diptera as pollinators of S. glandulosum and the role of social wasps in regulating the herbivore population in the palm swamp.