Violence, Spatial Effects, and Education: Exploring the Relationship Between Exposure to Neighborhood Violence and Student Performance

This study investigates the relation between exposure to neighborhood violence and student performance, focusing on the spatial effects of crime. Using São Paulo city (Brazil) as case study, we applied multilevel and simultaneous equations models combined with a spatial approach. If the effects of crime can be felt across the city, reducing this type of violence should concern public policies in all districts. Application of the combined methods considered 5th and 9th graders from the public school network. Violence was negatively related to student proficiency. Overall, the spatial behavior of crime should be considered when analyzing the relation between violence and education. Crime prevention should be considered in designing education policies since it can benefit both students in violent areas and those in their surroundings.