Purpose <p>Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic disease of the kidney. Due to the disturbances in extracellular matrix formation that are observed in ADPKD, connective tissue disorders belong to the clinical picture of the disease. Connective tissue is considered to play a role in the development of scoliosis. Consequently, ADPKD was proposed to be a risk factor for the development of scoliosis. The study was performed to test the hypothesis that ADPKD may be associated with scoliosis occurrence.</p> Methods <p>It was a retrospective case–control study. Participants have been randomly chosen from among adult renal transplant recipients treated at our center, and divided into ADPKD (study group) and non-ADPKD (control group). Participants’ chest X-ray results were assessed for scoliosis.</p> Results <p>112 and 89 patients were included in the study group and the control group, respectively. The prevalence of scoliosis was 25.89% in the study group, and 29.21% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.60).</p> Conclusion <p>According to our results, ADPKD is not a risk factor for the development of scoliosis.</p>