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Coexistence of Cycles of a Continuous Map of the Real Line Into Itself

  • Oleksandr Sharkovsky

摘要

Our main result can be formulated as follows: Consider the set of natural numbers in which the following relation is introduced: n1 precedes n2 (n1n2) if, for any continuous map of the real line into itself, the existence of a cycle of order n2 follows from the existence of a cycle of order n1. The following theorem is true:

Theorem. The introduced relation turns the set of natural numbers into an ordered set with the following ordering: \(3\prec 5\prec 7\prec 9\prec 11\prec \dots \prec 3\bullet 2\prec 5\bullet 2\prec \dots \prec 3\bullet {2}^{2}\prec 5\bullet {2}^{2}\prec \dots \prec {2}^{3}\prec {2}^{2}\prec 2\prec 1.\) 3 5 7 9 11 3 2 5 2 3 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 .