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<p>Despite the unequivocal social-ecological and economic wide spread benefits of green infrastructure, increasing population coupled with unplanned urbanization patterns has rendered urban forests degraded. Planning for effective restoration amidst urbanization requires adequate understanding of the remaining urban forests. This study determined the location, size, number, spatial distribution and community structure of the remaining patches of urban forests in four Municipalities of Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. A total of 60 urban forest patches (ca. 727&#xa0;ha) were mapped using Landsat 8 imagery analysis, Random Forest Algorithm in Google Earth Engine and QGIS analysis. These fragmented patches vary in size from 230 ± 62 (SD) ha in Ubungo to only 0.01 ± 9&#xa0;ha in Ilala Municipality. The overall mean patch size per Municipality was 8.6 ± 5.9&#xa0;ha. Of all the patches, only 42 patches were used for laying plots (0.008&#xa0;ha each) in which plant species abundance, composition, richness and diversity were computed. These patches host 116 plant species occurring in 96 genera and 47 families with Fabaceae being the overall most dominant. The most common tree species was <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (28%) whereas the herbaceous layer was dominated by <i>Fimbristylis ferruginea</i> (30%) and <i>Asystasia gangetica</i> (27%). Sapling and adult trees and shrubs scored high (<i>H</i>′ = 3.6), tree and shrub seedlings moderate (<i>H</i>′ = 2.2) and herbaceous species moderate (<i>H</i>′ = 2) Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Regardless of the ongoing rapid urbanization, remaining urban forests should be integrated into adaptive restoration strategies and urban development planning to enhance environmental health, climate resilience and sustainable city growth.</p>

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Spatial mapping and community structure of urban forests: Implications for restoration amidst urbanization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Agnes B. Ngailo,
  • Catherine A. Masao,
  • Samora M. Andrew

摘要

Despite the unequivocal social-ecological and economic wide spread benefits of green infrastructure, increasing population coupled with unplanned urbanization patterns has rendered urban forests degraded. Planning for effective restoration amidst urbanization requires adequate understanding of the remaining urban forests. This study determined the location, size, number, spatial distribution and community structure of the remaining patches of urban forests in four Municipalities of Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. A total of 60 urban forest patches (ca. 727 ha) were mapped using Landsat 8 imagery analysis, Random Forest Algorithm in Google Earth Engine and QGIS analysis. These fragmented patches vary in size from 230 ± 62 (SD) ha in Ubungo to only 0.01 ± 9 ha in Ilala Municipality. The overall mean patch size per Municipality was 8.6 ± 5.9 ha. Of all the patches, only 42 patches were used for laying plots (0.008 ha each) in which plant species abundance, composition, richness and diversity were computed. These patches host 116 plant species occurring in 96 genera and 47 families with Fabaceae being the overall most dominant. The most common tree species was Azadirachta indica (28%) whereas the herbaceous layer was dominated by Fimbristylis ferruginea (30%) and Asystasia gangetica (27%). Sapling and adult trees and shrubs scored high (H′ = 3.6), tree and shrub seedlings moderate (H′ = 2.2) and herbaceous species moderate (H′ = 2) Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Regardless of the ongoing rapid urbanization, remaining urban forests should be integrated into adaptive restoration strategies and urban development planning to enhance environmental health, climate resilience and sustainable city growth.