<p>Gardens composed of native plants represent an efficient strategy to counteract the pollinators’ decline and promote the conservation of urban biodiversity. Through the analysis of biotic interactions, we evaluated the effectiveness of the recently implemented University Pollinator Garden (UPG) in an area of approximately 500 m<sup>2</sup> located in northern Cuernavaca city. We analyzed (i) the species of floral visitors and their type of interactions: pollinator, nectar robber and contact species (that use the floral resources to other activities), (ii) the visitation rate of pollinators and nectar robbers and (iii) the interaction networks for each type of interaction. The diversity in the UPG was represented by 88 species of 10 taxonomic orders, with Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Apodiformes as the most frequent. Most pollinators and nectar robbers were members of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, respectively. The visitation rate between pollinators and nectar robbers was not statistically different, but ANCOVA results showed a significant inverse relationship between floral abundance and pollinator visitation rate. Metrics describing the networks as connectance (0.14 to 0.30), specialization (0.39 to 0.96), weighted nestedness (0 to 0.53) and modularity (0.38 to 0.79) are like those recorded in natural populations. We identified 19 species as module hubs, three network hubs and 13 connectors. We concluded that the UPG plays an efficient role to achieve conservation goals in this urban space, not only by hosting pollinators and other functionally distinct groups, but conforming complex interactions in an area where until recently there was only a patch of grass.</p>

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Network of interactions in a recently implemented urban pollinator garden

  • Sara G. Villegas,
  • Raúl E. Alcalá

摘要

Gardens composed of native plants represent an efficient strategy to counteract the pollinators’ decline and promote the conservation of urban biodiversity. Through the analysis of biotic interactions, we evaluated the effectiveness of the recently implemented University Pollinator Garden (UPG) in an area of approximately 500 m2 located in northern Cuernavaca city. We analyzed (i) the species of floral visitors and their type of interactions: pollinator, nectar robber and contact species (that use the floral resources to other activities), (ii) the visitation rate of pollinators and nectar robbers and (iii) the interaction networks for each type of interaction. The diversity in the UPG was represented by 88 species of 10 taxonomic orders, with Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Apodiformes as the most frequent. Most pollinators and nectar robbers were members of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, respectively. The visitation rate between pollinators and nectar robbers was not statistically different, but ANCOVA results showed a significant inverse relationship between floral abundance and pollinator visitation rate. Metrics describing the networks as connectance (0.14 to 0.30), specialization (0.39 to 0.96), weighted nestedness (0 to 0.53) and modularity (0.38 to 0.79) are like those recorded in natural populations. We identified 19 species as module hubs, three network hubs and 13 connectors. We concluded that the UPG plays an efficient role to achieve conservation goals in this urban space, not only by hosting pollinators and other functionally distinct groups, but conforming complex interactions in an area where until recently there was only a patch of grass.