<p>Urbanization, particularly in developing regions, has emerged as a critical factor influencing climate change. Unplanned urban expansion contributes to microclimate alterations and amplifies broader climatic shifts, necessitating systematic monitoring. Remote sensing technologies offer essential tools for capturing spatial and temporal environmental dynamics and evaluating their impacts. This study conducts a systematic review of 1143 scholarly articles, following the PRISMA protocol, to map current research trends on urbanization-induced climate change. It is structured around three focal areas: the role of urbanization in climate dynamics, the application of remote sensing in impact assessment, and the integration of sustainability concerns in urban climate research. Findings reveal strong thematic intersections among land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover, population growth, land use and land cover (LULC) change, and remote sensing applications. Despite the growing body of literature, the operationalization of climate change mitigation and sustainability frameworks within urban research remains underdeveloped. Additionally, regional disparities in the number of research works as well as overall perspectives between the developed and less developed countries are evident. The review highlights the pressing need for more integrative, remote sensing-driven methodologies to support evidence-based urban planning and climate adaptation strategies to meet the goals of sustainable development.</p>