<p>Urbanization significantly impacts amphibians through habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. However, its effects on age structure and morphology, both of which are key to the survival, population dynamics, and life-history evolution of amphibians, remain unclear. This study examined differences in age and morphology of two dominant amphibian species, the Hong Kong rice-paddy frog (<i>Fejervarya multistriata</i>) and Beijing gold-striped pond frog (<i>Pelophylax plancyi</i>), across an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai (urban, suburban, and rural areas). The results showed that <i>F. multistriata</i> exhibited significant variation in life span, age structure, and snout–vent length (SVL) along the urban–rural gradient. Urban and suburban individuals were younger with larger SVL compared with those in rural areas. By contrast, SVL of male <i>P. plancyi</i> was significantly longer in urban and suburban areas compared with rural areas, and suburban females had larger body sizes compared with rural females. These findings suggest that the age structure and morphology of <i>F. multistriata</i> were significantly impacted by urbanization, potentially reflecting increased growth rates caused by a decreased life span in the urban environment, thus affecting population growth. By contrast, <i>P. plancyi</i> appears to have been less affected by urban environments, with less impact on its age structure and morphology (excluding SVL). Our results provide insights into amphibian life strategies and their evolutionary responses to urban environments.</p>