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<p>The rapid transformation of natural landscapes in mountainous cities of the Himalayas is primarily driven by human pressure, including urbanization and high tourist influx. These pressures significantly alter ecological landscapes, influencing spatial pattern and natural ecosystem services (ES) in the Himalayan region. Dehradun, one of the fastest-growing class-I cities in the Himalayas, has experienced substantial changes in its natural ES due to increased human activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of human pressure on ES in the peri-urban landscape of city using the Human Footprint Index (HFI), InVEST, and RUSLE models. The outputs were carefully validated through pearson correlation analysis and image-to-image comparisons with satellite-derived indices. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to quantify the dynamics of HFI in relation to different regulating ES like carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and soil erosion (SE). The results indicate a significant rise in human pressure, with the very high zone of HFI area expanding from 6.5% in 1991 to 25.2% in 2021. Simultaneously, CS and HQ in the high zones declined from 73.80 to 43.90% and 60.16–43.86%, respectively, while high soil erosion areas increased from 1.4 to 2.3% during the same period. The GWR analysis revealed spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between HFI and various ES, as reflected in the local R² values and residual distributions. These findings underscore the strong link between urban expansion, the rising human footprint, and the degradation of regulating ES. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, facilitating for the formulation of sustainable strategies for environmental conservation and resilient urban planning in Dehradun and other mountainous cities worldwide.</p>

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Integrated geospatial assessment of human footprint impact on regulating ecosystem services in the Himalayan urban landscape

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Mohd Rihan,
  • Mohd Waseem Naikoo,
  • Devojani Neog,
  • Shahfahad,
  • Md Rejaul Islam,
  • Intejar Ansari,
  • Swapan Talukdar,
  • Intikhab Ahmad,
  • Atiqur Rahman

摘要

The rapid transformation of natural landscapes in mountainous cities of the Himalayas is primarily driven by human pressure, including urbanization and high tourist influx. These pressures significantly alter ecological landscapes, influencing spatial pattern and natural ecosystem services (ES) in the Himalayan region. Dehradun, one of the fastest-growing class-I cities in the Himalayas, has experienced substantial changes in its natural ES due to increased human activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of human pressure on ES in the peri-urban landscape of city using the Human Footprint Index (HFI), InVEST, and RUSLE models. The outputs were carefully validated through pearson correlation analysis and image-to-image comparisons with satellite-derived indices. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to quantify the dynamics of HFI in relation to different regulating ES like carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and soil erosion (SE). The results indicate a significant rise in human pressure, with the very high zone of HFI area expanding from 6.5% in 1991 to 25.2% in 2021. Simultaneously, CS and HQ in the high zones declined from 73.80 to 43.90% and 60.16–43.86%, respectively, while high soil erosion areas increased from 1.4 to 2.3% during the same period. The GWR analysis revealed spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between HFI and various ES, as reflected in the local R² values and residual distributions. These findings underscore the strong link between urban expansion, the rising human footprint, and the degradation of regulating ES. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, facilitating for the formulation of sustainable strategies for environmental conservation and resilient urban planning in Dehradun and other mountainous cities worldwide.