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<p>Urbanization encroaches upon natural areas, disrupting ecosystems and their services. This study investigates green infrastructure (GI) changes in the Taipei Metropolitan Area (TMA) from 2006 to 2019 and their effects on stormwater retention and urban cooling. Using the InVEST model integrated with spatial configuration analysis, this research evaluated these ecosystem services and spatial configuration effects. Findings indicated an overall reduction in GI by 3.65&#xa0;km² despite a concurrent increase in park area of 3.66&#xa0;km². Substantial trade-offs were observed between temperature and runoff change, with spatial configuration showing contrasting effects on both services. Trade-off analysis results classified the grids in the TMA into four groups: loss, cooling-focused trade-off, synergy, and retention-focused trade-off. The synergy group was characterized by substantial GI area increases and reduced fragmentation. The cooling-focused group maintained patch aggregation, while the retention-focused group experienced increased patch division and edge density. Spatially, the synergy group clustered in urban peripheries while trade-offs dominated city centers in TMA. The study highlights that the strategic spatial configuration of GI changes, rather than simply increasing total area, is critical for climate-adapted ecosystem service benefits. Future urban planning and GI development should fully consider the inherent trade-offs between ecosystem services by incorporating differentiated spatial configuration strategies of GI.</p>

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How green infrastructure change shapes regulating ecosystem services in urban landscapes? Trade-offs between urban cooling and stormwater retention in Taipei

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Pak Ying Chan,
  • Hao-Wei Chiu

摘要

Urbanization encroaches upon natural areas, disrupting ecosystems and their services. This study investigates green infrastructure (GI) changes in the Taipei Metropolitan Area (TMA) from 2006 to 2019 and their effects on stormwater retention and urban cooling. Using the InVEST model integrated with spatial configuration analysis, this research evaluated these ecosystem services and spatial configuration effects. Findings indicated an overall reduction in GI by 3.65 km² despite a concurrent increase in park area of 3.66 km². Substantial trade-offs were observed between temperature and runoff change, with spatial configuration showing contrasting effects on both services. Trade-off analysis results classified the grids in the TMA into four groups: loss, cooling-focused trade-off, synergy, and retention-focused trade-off. The synergy group was characterized by substantial GI area increases and reduced fragmentation. The cooling-focused group maintained patch aggregation, while the retention-focused group experienced increased patch division and edge density. Spatially, the synergy group clustered in urban peripheries while trade-offs dominated city centers in TMA. The study highlights that the strategic spatial configuration of GI changes, rather than simply increasing total area, is critical for climate-adapted ecosystem service benefits. Future urban planning and GI development should fully consider the inherent trade-offs between ecosystem services by incorporating differentiated spatial configuration strategies of GI.