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<p>Temperament influences cattle welfare, human safety and productivity. Genetic markers associated with behavioural reactivity could support selection towards calmer animals, reducing handling-related stress and injuries. The objective of the study was to estimate allelic diversity and breed differentiation for temperament-associated SNPs in Simmental and Simbrah cattle sampled across Mexico and to discuss implications for animal welfare and safer handling. We evaluated allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genetic differentiation (FST) for temperament-associated SNPs in 1110 cattle (Simmental <i>n</i> = 564; Simbrah <i>n</i> = 546) sampled from 17 registered herds across Mexico. Genotypes were obtained using the Geneseek<sup>®</sup> Genomic Profiler Bovine™ 150&#xa0;K (Illumina). Quality control followed standard thresholds for call rate, minor allele frequency and Hardy–Weinberg testing. Population differentiation between breeds was estimated using the Weir and Cockerham FST. All analysed loci were polymorphic after quality control. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.30 (range 0.06–0.51). Most SNPs conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations, with one locus deviating. Overall breed differentiation was low, although several loci linked to aggression-related phenotypes showed comparatively higher FST. Previously associated with aggression, maternal behaviour and stress responsiveness showed comparatively higher divergence. Simmental and Simbrah cattle in Mexico show moderate allelic diversity at temperament-associated loci with generally low between-breed differentiation. Loci with higher divergence warrant validation using on-farm behavioural phenotyping and welfare outcomes. These results provide baseline genomic information for future studies integrating genotype, behaviour and animal welfare outcomes in tropical cattle production systems.</p>

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Genomic diversity of temperament-associated SNPs in Simmental and Simbrah cattle from Mexico: implications for animal welfare and safer handling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Melissa Isabel León Díaz,
  • Apolo Adolfo Carrasco García,
  • Vicente Eliezer Vega Murillo,
  • César Gilberto Luna Azuara,
  • Rene Calderón Chagoya,
  • Moisés Montaño Bermúdez

摘要

Temperament influences cattle welfare, human safety and productivity. Genetic markers associated with behavioural reactivity could support selection towards calmer animals, reducing handling-related stress and injuries. The objective of the study was to estimate allelic diversity and breed differentiation for temperament-associated SNPs in Simmental and Simbrah cattle sampled across Mexico and to discuss implications for animal welfare and safer handling. We evaluated allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genetic differentiation (FST) for temperament-associated SNPs in 1110 cattle (Simmental n = 564; Simbrah n = 546) sampled from 17 registered herds across Mexico. Genotypes were obtained using the Geneseek® Genomic Profiler Bovine™ 150 K (Illumina). Quality control followed standard thresholds for call rate, minor allele frequency and Hardy–Weinberg testing. Population differentiation between breeds was estimated using the Weir and Cockerham FST. All analysed loci were polymorphic after quality control. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.30 (range 0.06–0.51). Most SNPs conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations, with one locus deviating. Overall breed differentiation was low, although several loci linked to aggression-related phenotypes showed comparatively higher FST. Previously associated with aggression, maternal behaviour and stress responsiveness showed comparatively higher divergence. Simmental and Simbrah cattle in Mexico show moderate allelic diversity at temperament-associated loci with generally low between-breed differentiation. Loci with higher divergence warrant validation using on-farm behavioural phenotyping and welfare outcomes. These results provide baseline genomic information for future studies integrating genotype, behaviour and animal welfare outcomes in tropical cattle production systems.