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<p>Bacterial contamination in bull semen adversely affects semen quality and fertility, with rising antibiotic resistance highlighting the need for effective alternatives. This study focused on isolating antibiotic-resistant bacteria from Sahiwal bull semen using antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin, followed by identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The predominant resistant bacteria included <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (50%), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (17%), <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (17%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (5%), <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> (5%), and others like <i>Niallia circulans</i>. From these, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (Gram-positive) and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (Gram-negative) were selected for further analysis. The antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and a cyclic hexapeptide (c-WFW AMP) was evaluated as potential antibiotic alternatives (ATAs). ZnO NPs inhibited both bacteria at 60&#xa0;µg/ml, while c-WFW AMP was effective at 4&#xa0;µg/ml for <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and 6&#xa0;µg/ml for <i>Proteus</i> spp. The minimum bactericidal concentrations were 80&#xa0;µg/ml for ZnO NPs and 6&#xa0;µg/ml for c-WFW AMP against both strains, indicating potent bactericidal action. These findings support the use of ZnO NPs and c-WFW AMP as promising ATAs in semen extenders to control bacterial contamination and reduce reliance on conventional antibiotics in bull semen preservation.</p>

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Resistance-guided isolation and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from bull semen: exploring alternatives to antibiotics in semen extenders

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Dileep Kumar Yadav,
  • H. M. Rashmi,
  • Manisha Sethi,
  • Ramasamy Arunkumar,
  • Pawan Singh,
  • Nishant Kumar

摘要

Bacterial contamination in bull semen adversely affects semen quality and fertility, with rising antibiotic resistance highlighting the need for effective alternatives. This study focused on isolating antibiotic-resistant bacteria from Sahiwal bull semen using antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin, followed by identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The predominant resistant bacteria included Bacillus cereus (50%), Proteus mirabilis (17%), Enterococcus spp. (17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Klebsiella variicola (5%), and others like Niallia circulans. From these, Bacillus cereus (Gram-positive) and Proteus mirabilis (Gram-negative) were selected for further analysis. The antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and a cyclic hexapeptide (c-WFW AMP) was evaluated as potential antibiotic alternatives (ATAs). ZnO NPs inhibited both bacteria at 60 µg/ml, while c-WFW AMP was effective at 4 µg/ml for Bacillus spp. and 6 µg/ml for Proteus spp. The minimum bactericidal concentrations were 80 µg/ml for ZnO NPs and 6 µg/ml for c-WFW AMP against both strains, indicating potent bactericidal action. These findings support the use of ZnO NPs and c-WFW AMP as promising ATAs in semen extenders to control bacterial contamination and reduce reliance on conventional antibiotics in bull semen preservation.