<p>Sustainable and effective production practices are needed to meet the growing global demand for food. Here, polyculture of milkfish and freshwater prawn with modified feeding scheme (POLY) was tested against monoculture of milkfish (MONO-Fish) and monoculture of freshwater prawn (MONO-Prawn) based on growth, survival, and economic parameters for 150 days. Each group was compared in triplicates. Milkfish juvenile at 1 indiv m^-2 and freshwater prawn at 10 indiv m^-2 were randomly distributed in brackishwater ponds each with an area of 20&#xa0;m × 15&#xa0;m and salinity at 5–10 ppt. Significantly higher FBW and DGR were observed in milkfish grown in POLY compared with MONO-Fish (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) while growth rates of freshwater prawn did not vary between POLY and MONO-Prawn despite the absence of feeding for prawn in POLY group (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Survival rates and condition factors of both species in POLY were comparable with those in MONO-Fish and MONO-Prawn (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Higher feed intake was observed in POLY compared to MONO-Fish but FCRs were not significantly different (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). In addition, higher yield for milkfish were recorded in POLY than MONO-Fish (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas yield for freshwater prawn was similar with MONO-Prawn (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, there was no competition between the two species instead, a facilitative relationship was observed, with freshwater prawns positively influencing milkfish growth. The polyculture system incurred the highest production cost but also generated the highest net income, ROI, NPV, and DBCR (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), making it more profitable than monoculture.</p>