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<p>The present study aimed to determine biochemical threshold values for key serum metabolites, including non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and glucose and calcium during the prepartum period to establish their predictive potential for production diseases (ketosis, milk fever, mastitis, and metritis) in indigenous Sahiwal cows raised under tropical climates of northern India. A total of 31 Sahiwal cows were monitored from − 6 weeks prepartum to + 7 weeks postpartum, with blood serum sampled at defined intervals (-6, -3, -2, -1 weeks, day of calving, and + 1, +2, + 3, +5, + 7 weeks). Based on the occurrence of production diseases, cows were categorized as healthy with no production disease (NPD; <i>n</i> = 13), single production disease (SPD; <i>n</i> = 11), and multiple production disease (MPD; <i>n</i> = 7). The MPD group exhibited significantly higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) NEFA and BHBA levels from − 6 weeks and − 3 weeks prepartum, respectively and lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) glucose and calcium concentrations from − 1 week prepartum onwards compared to SPD and NPD groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified critical thresholds: NEFA ≥ 0.25 mmol/L (-2 weeks) predicted SPD risk, while levels ≥ 0.26 mmol/L (-2 weeks) predicted MPD risk; BHBA ≥ 1.36 mmol/L (calving or week 0) was linked to SPD risk, and levels &gt; 1.28 mmol/L (-2 weeks) indicated MPD risk; glucose ≤ 43.60&#xa0;mg/dL (calving or week 0) indicated SPD risk, while levels ≤ 38.70&#xa0;mg/dL (calving or week 0) suggested MPD risk; and calcium ≤ 6.90&#xa0;mg/dL (calving or week 0) predicted SPD risk, whereas levels ≤ 5.90&#xa0;mg/dL (calving or week 0) predicted MPD risk. While glucose and calcium thresholds showed high specificity, their low sensitivity underscores the importance of interpreting them in combination with NEFA and BHBA for early disease prediction. In conclusion, these evidence based serum metabolite thresholds provide reliable early predictors of postpartum production diseases in Sahiwal cows, highlighting the importance of routine biochemical monitoring and timely interventions to reduce disease occurrence and enhance herd health and productivity under tropical conditions.</p>

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Development of serum metabolite thresholds for early prediction of single or multiple production diseases in Sahiwal transition cows under tropical conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Chinmayee Sahu,
  • A. K. Misra,
  • T. K. Mohanty,
  • Rubina K. Baithalu,
  • T. K. Patbandha,
  • Mukesh Bhakat,
  • Deepak Chopra,
  • Abhijeet Fernandes,
  • Prerna Mandhan

摘要

The present study aimed to determine biochemical threshold values for key serum metabolites, including non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and glucose and calcium during the prepartum period to establish their predictive potential for production diseases (ketosis, milk fever, mastitis, and metritis) in indigenous Sahiwal cows raised under tropical climates of northern India. A total of 31 Sahiwal cows were monitored from − 6 weeks prepartum to + 7 weeks postpartum, with blood serum sampled at defined intervals (-6, -3, -2, -1 weeks, day of calving, and + 1, +2, + 3, +5, + 7 weeks). Based on the occurrence of production diseases, cows were categorized as healthy with no production disease (NPD; n = 13), single production disease (SPD; n = 11), and multiple production disease (MPD; n = 7). The MPD group exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) NEFA and BHBA levels from − 6 weeks and − 3 weeks prepartum, respectively and lower (P < 0.05) glucose and calcium concentrations from − 1 week prepartum onwards compared to SPD and NPD groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified critical thresholds: NEFA ≥ 0.25 mmol/L (-2 weeks) predicted SPD risk, while levels ≥ 0.26 mmol/L (-2 weeks) predicted MPD risk; BHBA ≥ 1.36 mmol/L (calving or week 0) was linked to SPD risk, and levels > 1.28 mmol/L (-2 weeks) indicated MPD risk; glucose ≤ 43.60 mg/dL (calving or week 0) indicated SPD risk, while levels ≤ 38.70 mg/dL (calving or week 0) suggested MPD risk; and calcium ≤ 6.90 mg/dL (calving or week 0) predicted SPD risk, whereas levels ≤ 5.90 mg/dL (calving or week 0) predicted MPD risk. While glucose and calcium thresholds showed high specificity, their low sensitivity underscores the importance of interpreting them in combination with NEFA and BHBA for early disease prediction. In conclusion, these evidence based serum metabolite thresholds provide reliable early predictors of postpartum production diseases in Sahiwal cows, highlighting the importance of routine biochemical monitoring and timely interventions to reduce disease occurrence and enhance herd health and productivity under tropical conditions.