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<p>Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely recognized as a primary enzymatic defense against oxidative stress (OS), catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thereby mitigating cellular damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SOD enzymatic activity and gene expression profiles in peripheral blood during the transition period in dairy cows. The research was conducted on a commercial Holstein dairy farm in General Belgrano, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of randomly selected cows (<i>n</i> = 5 per group) seven days postpartum. Based on measured SOD activity, animals were stratified into two distinct groups: low SOD activity (G1) and high SOD activity (G2). RNA sequencing revealed 53 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including three transcription factors and two transcriptional cofactors. The observed transcriptomic alterations appear to be associated with SOD activity, consistent with its role in modulating intracellular levels of O₂•⁻ and H₂O₂, reactive oxygen species that function as critical second messengers in diverse signaling pathways, particularly those governing immune responses. In summary, the gene expression changes linked to SOD activity may contribute to understanding physiological and immunological adaptations during the transition period. These include impaired phagocytosis and diapedesis, along with broader immune and metabolic dysregulation, which collectively compromise the health, productivity, and welfare of dairy cattle.</p>

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Analysis of differential gene expression in dairy cows with high and low superoxide dismutase activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Calcaterra Francisco,
  • Fernandez Maria Elena,
  • Marcuzzi Olivia,
  • Olivera Leonidas Hernan,
  • Picco Sebastian Julio,
  • Guillermo Giovambattista

摘要

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely recognized as a primary enzymatic defense against oxidative stress (OS), catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thereby mitigating cellular damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SOD enzymatic activity and gene expression profiles in peripheral blood during the transition period in dairy cows. The research was conducted on a commercial Holstein dairy farm in General Belgrano, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of randomly selected cows (n = 5 per group) seven days postpartum. Based on measured SOD activity, animals were stratified into two distinct groups: low SOD activity (G1) and high SOD activity (G2). RNA sequencing revealed 53 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including three transcription factors and two transcriptional cofactors. The observed transcriptomic alterations appear to be associated with SOD activity, consistent with its role in modulating intracellular levels of O₂•⁻ and H₂O₂, reactive oxygen species that function as critical second messengers in diverse signaling pathways, particularly those governing immune responses. In summary, the gene expression changes linked to SOD activity may contribute to understanding physiological and immunological adaptations during the transition period. These include impaired phagocytosis and diapedesis, along with broader immune and metabolic dysregulation, which collectively compromise the health, productivity, and welfare of dairy cattle.