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<p>Heat stress is a major environmental challenge that negatively affects growth performance, physiological responses, and overall health in rabbits. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Allicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AL-CHNPs) against heat stress in growing rabbits. A total of 120 five-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups and orally administered AL-CHNPs at doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200&#xa0;mg per head per day for eight weeks. Administration of 100 or 200&#xa0;mg of AL-CHNPs significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio, physiological responses (rectal temperature and respiration rate), dressing percentage, and edible giblet weight. Additionally, these doses notably enhanced erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, increased blood protein and albumin levels, and decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels. Histological analysis revealed liver injury and kidney damage due to heat stress in the control group, including inflammation, necrosis, and structural abnormalities. Treatment with AL-CHNPs, particularly at 100 and 200&#xa0;mg doses, preserved normal tissue architecture, reduced inflammation and cellular damage, and improved liver and kidney histology. Furthermore, AL-CHNPs administration significantly increased immunoglobulin concentrations, lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-4, and nuclear factor kappa B, were significantly decreased in rabbits treated with 100&#xa0;mg of AL-CHNPs, whereas nitric oxide levels increased significantly compared to the control group. In conclusion, oral administration of AL-CHNPs enhanced growth performance, physiological responses, and overall health status in newly weaned rabbits subjected to thermal stress, highlighting their potential as an effective dietary intervention.</p>

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Growth performance, feed efficiency, and health status of naturally heat-stressed growing rabbits orally supplemented with allicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Fatma Mohsen Shalaby,
  • Ohoud Ali Saeed Alghamdi,
  • Bothaina Shaban Abd El Hakeem,
  • Nahid Abdelraheem Ali,
  • Amany Omar Elrefaie,
  • Mahmoud A. E. Hassan,
  • Ali Ali El-Raghi,
  • Kandil Abd El-Hai Ali Attia

摘要

Heat stress is a major environmental challenge that negatively affects growth performance, physiological responses, and overall health in rabbits. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Allicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AL-CHNPs) against heat stress in growing rabbits. A total of 120 five-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups and orally administered AL-CHNPs at doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg per head per day for eight weeks. Administration of 100 or 200 mg of AL-CHNPs significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio, physiological responses (rectal temperature and respiration rate), dressing percentage, and edible giblet weight. Additionally, these doses notably enhanced erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, increased blood protein and albumin levels, and decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels. Histological analysis revealed liver injury and kidney damage due to heat stress in the control group, including inflammation, necrosis, and structural abnormalities. Treatment with AL-CHNPs, particularly at 100 and 200 mg doses, preserved normal tissue architecture, reduced inflammation and cellular damage, and improved liver and kidney histology. Furthermore, AL-CHNPs administration significantly increased immunoglobulin concentrations, lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-4, and nuclear factor kappa B, were significantly decreased in rabbits treated with 100 mg of AL-CHNPs, whereas nitric oxide levels increased significantly compared to the control group. In conclusion, oral administration of AL-CHNPs enhanced growth performance, physiological responses, and overall health status in newly weaned rabbits subjected to thermal stress, highlighting their potential as an effective dietary intervention.