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<p>This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological investigation (2021–2023) across 27 districts of Assam, Northeast India, focusing on major swine viral diseases including, focusing on major swine viral diseases including African Swine Fever (ASF), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), and emerging co-infections. Spatial analysis identified Lakhimpur and Jorhat as an ASF hotspot (95% CI: (1.02–15.47); <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), showing a higher prevalence rate of 42% in older animals. None of the infections indicated statistically significant variation between male and female pigs however females had higher odd-ratios for ASF and Porcine Circovirus (PCV2). Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) showed highest odds ratio (OR = 1.72), implying that older swine are more prone to be infected with PRRS but had a wide confidence interval indicating uncertainty. In contrast, all other diseases CSF, ASF, PPV, and PCV2 showered odds ratios below 1. Winter and spring (November to April) saw notably more CSF (OR = 0.45), ASF (OR = 0.7), and ASF + CSF (OR = 0.75) according to the analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). PRRS (OR = 1.5), ASF + PRRS (OR = 1.2), and PRRS + CSF (OR = 1.1) showed greater odds in summer and autumn (March to October). GIS mapping reveals high-risk areas that share an international border, resulting in a decrease in CSF incidence by immunization. These findings provide vital data for cohesive One Health strategies at the wildlife-livestock interface and offer the inaugural evidence-based framework for focused disease management in Northeast India. They also help provide information to the national monitoring initiatives via district-level risk classification.</p>

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Spatio-temporal dynamics and risk factors of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and emerging viral co-infections in Assam: implications for one health monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Farhin Aktar Choudhury,
  • Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa,
  • Dhawal Kant Yadav,
  • Kiran Jayappa,
  • Mamta Pathak,
  • Debarghya Paul

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological investigation (2021–2023) across 27 districts of Assam, Northeast India, focusing on major swine viral diseases including, focusing on major swine viral diseases including African Swine Fever (ASF), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), and emerging co-infections. Spatial analysis identified Lakhimpur and Jorhat as an ASF hotspot (95% CI: (1.02–15.47); p < 0.05), showing a higher prevalence rate of 42% in older animals. None of the infections indicated statistically significant variation between male and female pigs however females had higher odd-ratios for ASF and Porcine Circovirus (PCV2). Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) showed highest odds ratio (OR = 1.72), implying that older swine are more prone to be infected with PRRS but had a wide confidence interval indicating uncertainty. In contrast, all other diseases CSF, ASF, PPV, and PCV2 showered odds ratios below 1. Winter and spring (November to April) saw notably more CSF (OR = 0.45), ASF (OR = 0.7), and ASF + CSF (OR = 0.75) according to the analysis (p < 0.05). PRRS (OR = 1.5), ASF + PRRS (OR = 1.2), and PRRS + CSF (OR = 1.1) showed greater odds in summer and autumn (March to October). GIS mapping reveals high-risk areas that share an international border, resulting in a decrease in CSF incidence by immunization. These findings provide vital data for cohesive One Health strategies at the wildlife-livestock interface and offer the inaugural evidence-based framework for focused disease management in Northeast India. They also help provide information to the national monitoring initiatives via district-level risk classification.