Seroprevalence and assessment the associated risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infection in water buffaloes in Egypt

Fasciolosis is a zoonotic neglected parasitic disease that affects a variety of hosts, resulting in substantial economic losses. The epidemiological information about fasciolosis in water buffaloes in Egypt is very scarce. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of F. hepatica in water buffaloes using commercial ELISA kits in three governorates at north of Egypt and to estimate the associated risk factors for F. hepatica infection. The total seroprevalence of F. hepatica in buffaloes was 15.4% (63/410), with a higher seroprevalence in Kafr Elsheikh governorates 17.9% (25/140) than in other areas. Fasciolosis was more likely in older buffaloes (OR = 3.4, 95%CI:1.5–7.8), throughout the winter season (OR = 5.3, 95%CI:1.9–14.7). Moreover, the absence of prophylactic treatment (OR = 2.3, 95%CI:1.2–4.2) increased the risk of F. hepatica infection in buffaloes, particularly in animals suffered from diarrhea (OR = 3.8, 95%CI:1.4–10.6). The present study confirmed the prevalence of F. hepatica in water buffaloes in north of Egypt. Consequently, the implementation of preventive and control for the parasite and its intermediate host are very necessary to decrease the economic losses and public health hazard.