On Three Kinds of Autobiographical Narrative Harm and Their Interactions
摘要
What does it mean for autobiographical narratives to be harmful? The answer often depends on the perspective adopted. At the personal level of analysis, the emphasis is on the individual and their private narrative practices, and narratives are typically characterized in relation to psychological well-being. At the relational level, the focus is on cooperation with co-authors and the environment in shaping autobiographical narratives, and narrative harm is usually framed as a threat to the individual’s narrative autonomy. Finally, at the structural level, autobiographical narration is viewed as an enculturated practice, shaped by shared templates or life scripts. Narrative harm, in this context, can be conceptualized as a misalignment between the values and normative frameworks embedded in master narratives and the individual’s own values. Although conceptually distinct, different kinds of narrative harm can interact. In trade-off situations, one kind of harm is accompanied by benefits in another domain. In cases of compounded narrative harm, different types of harm co-occur and overlap. Distinguishing these three kinds of narrative harm is crucial for illustrating how narrative practices can go wrong and their complex interactions.