Exemplary Virtue: The Function of Exempla in Moral Instruction in the Middle Ages
摘要
In contrast to the intricate accounts of moral teachings in medieval philosophy, often associated with scholasticism—and its conceptual approach within an Aristotelian framework—there exists a distinct and widespread pedagogical tradition that uses exempla in texts aimed at the lay public. This tradition is particularly present in advice literature (such as preaching aids and specula) representing a practice independent of the university context. These texts were designed to provide instruction, edification, and practical guidance to individuals across various social ranks. This paper will examine whether the medieval tradition of exempla offers something akin to what we might recognize today as a theory of Moral Exemplarism.