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<p>Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction offers a promising strategy for converting a greenhouse gas into valuable fuels and chemicals. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in non-titanium-based photocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, including cobalt-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) composites, cerium-based systems, phosphorus-based materials, indium-based materials, and copper-based materials. The performance of these materials is evaluated, factors influencing their activity and selectivity are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Key challenges include understanding reaction pathways, improving charge separation, and assessing environmental impacts. Finally, the review outlines future research directions and emphasizes the potential of non-titanium photocatalysis to advance efficient and sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> conversion technologies.</p>

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Non-titanium Alternatives in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Challenges and Opportunities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Mohammed Hashim Mohammed,
  • Sana Shahab,
  • R. Roopashree,
  • Yasser Fakri Mustafa,
  • S. Sunitha,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Anita Devi,
  • Yash Sharma,
  • Jasim Mohammed Abbas,
  • Sameh Hussein Hamo Hamo

摘要

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction offers a promising strategy for converting a greenhouse gas into valuable fuels and chemicals. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in non-titanium-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, including cobalt-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites, cerium-based systems, phosphorus-based materials, indium-based materials, and copper-based materials. The performance of these materials is evaluated, factors influencing their activity and selectivity are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Key challenges include understanding reaction pathways, improving charge separation, and assessing environmental impacts. Finally, the review outlines future research directions and emphasizes the potential of non-titanium photocatalysis to advance efficient and sustainable CO2 conversion technologies.