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<p>The discharge of persistent dye pollutants such as Rhodamine B (RhB) from textile and related industries poses a major threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Developing sustainable photocatalysts that operate efficiently under visible light is therefore of critical importance for wastewater remediation. In this study, we report a bio-assisted synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles doped with nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) using <i>Aloe vera</i> extract as a green reducing and stabilising agent. Structural, morphological, and chemical analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS) confirmed the formation of cubic CdS and successful lattice incorporation of dopants without secondary phases. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated for RhB degradation under visible-light irradiation, with Ni-CdS achieving 95% removal within 120&#xa0;min, surpassing Mn-CdS (84%) and undoped CdS (77%) under identical conditions. Kinetic modelling indicated a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0233&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;for Ni-CdS, attributed to dopant-induced defect sites that enhance charge separation and suppress electron–hole recombination. Reactive species trapping experiments identified superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) as the dominant oxidative species. The Ni-CdS photocatalyst also demonstrated high reusability with minimal loss of activity over successive cycles. This green synthesis–dopant engineering strategy offers a scalable and environmentally benign approach to producing high-efficiency, visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for advanced wastewater treatment, contributing to global clean water and pollution mitigation goals.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis of Ni/Mn-Doped CdS Nanoparticles Using Aloe Vera Extract for Rhodamine B Degradation Under Visible Light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Akash M. Nair,
  • Akansha Mehta,
  • Manjeet Singh,
  • Soumen Basu,
  • Jasminder Singh

摘要

The discharge of persistent dye pollutants such as Rhodamine B (RhB) from textile and related industries poses a major threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Developing sustainable photocatalysts that operate efficiently under visible light is therefore of critical importance for wastewater remediation. In this study, we report a bio-assisted synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles doped with nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) using Aloe vera extract as a green reducing and stabilising agent. Structural, morphological, and chemical analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS) confirmed the formation of cubic CdS and successful lattice incorporation of dopants without secondary phases. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated for RhB degradation under visible-light irradiation, with Ni-CdS achieving 95% removal within 120 min, surpassing Mn-CdS (84%) and undoped CdS (77%) under identical conditions. Kinetic modelling indicated a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0233 min−1 for Ni-CdS, attributed to dopant-induced defect sites that enhance charge separation and suppress electron–hole recombination. Reactive species trapping experiments identified superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) as the dominant oxidative species. The Ni-CdS photocatalyst also demonstrated high reusability with minimal loss of activity over successive cycles. This green synthesis–dopant engineering strategy offers a scalable and environmentally benign approach to producing high-efficiency, visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for advanced wastewater treatment, contributing to global clean water and pollution mitigation goals.

Graphical Abstract