Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes with Copper-Doped Tin Oxide Quantum Dots
摘要
Tin oxide (SnO₂) quantum dots (QDs) and copper-doped SnO₂ QDs with varying Cu concentrations (1, 3, 4, 5, and 10 wt%) were synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized QDs were comprehensively characterized using XRD, HR-TEM, UV-DRS, PL, FTIR, and XPS to elucidate their structural, optical, and chemical properties. A systematic reduction in bandgap (from 3.30 eV to 2.5 eV) was observed with increasing QD size, consistent with quantum confinement effects. The Cu-doped SnO₂ QDs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving > 95% degradation of methylene blue (MB) and Rose Bengal (RB) dyes within 120 min under sunlight irradiation. This enhancement is attributed to Cu doping, which reduces the bandgap, promotes electron-hole separation, and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (e.g., hydroxyl radicals). Kinetic studies confirmed pseudo-first-order degradation behavior, and a plausible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The novelty of this study lies in the precise tuning of Cu dopant concentration to optimize photocatalytic efficiency, demonstrating a dual role in band gap engineering and active species generation. These findings position Cu-doped SnO₂ QDs as promising and cost-effective photocatalysts for practical environmental remediation, particularly in treating dye-laden industrial effluents.