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<p>Water availability and quality are worldwide issues due to limited resources and contamination stemming from human activities. Different contaminants, including organic and inorganic compounds and microorganisms, threaten surface and groundwater resources. Organic pollutants include pesticides, detergents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, organic dyes, etc. Among the organic pollutants, synthetic dyes are one of the serious environmental threats to human and aquatic life. Methyl orange (MO) is a widely used artificial dye in different applications, including paper, leather, textiles, gasoline, food additives, and the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, monitoring MO in environmental samples like wastewater, groundwater, and food products is crucial. Here, Prussian blue (PB) thin-layer modified ITO electrodes were fabricated and utilized to monitor MO in wastewater samples. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the morphology of the fabricated electrodes. The effect of the PB layer was investigated, and it was found that the use of PB/ITO deposited at 20 cycles depicts the highest current response. Effects of MO concentration, scan rate, and pH on the electrochemical response were investigated. The modified electrode was very sensitive, detecting as little as 5.7 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> while working effectively with concentrations from 100 to 10 µmol L<sup>−1</sup>. The modified electrode showed the capability to monitor MO in groundwater samples.</p>

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Use of Thin Layer Prussian Blue-Modified ITO Electrode for Methyl Orange Sensing in Contaminated Water Samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Ziya Ahmad Khan,
  • Abdullah Akhdhar,
  • Abdullah S. Al-Bogami,
  • Waleed A. El-Said

摘要

Water availability and quality are worldwide issues due to limited resources and contamination stemming from human activities. Different contaminants, including organic and inorganic compounds and microorganisms, threaten surface and groundwater resources. Organic pollutants include pesticides, detergents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, organic dyes, etc. Among the organic pollutants, synthetic dyes are one of the serious environmental threats to human and aquatic life. Methyl orange (MO) is a widely used artificial dye in different applications, including paper, leather, textiles, gasoline, food additives, and the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, monitoring MO in environmental samples like wastewater, groundwater, and food products is crucial. Here, Prussian blue (PB) thin-layer modified ITO electrodes were fabricated and utilized to monitor MO in wastewater samples. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the morphology of the fabricated electrodes. The effect of the PB layer was investigated, and it was found that the use of PB/ITO deposited at 20 cycles depicts the highest current response. Effects of MO concentration, scan rate, and pH on the electrochemical response were investigated. The modified electrode was very sensitive, detecting as little as 5.7 nmol L−1 while working effectively with concentrations from 100 to 10 µmol L−1. The modified electrode showed the capability to monitor MO in groundwater samples.