<p>Nanocatalysis has established as a transformative approach in healthcare, offering pioneering solutions for diagnostics and therapeutics. By leveraging the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, nanocatalytic systems improve reaction proficiencies, enabling quick and highly sensitive recognition of biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Nanocatalysts surpass traditional catalysts by demonstrating superior reactivity alongside both enhanced selectivity and durable stability thus boosting their biomedical effectiveness. Nanocatalysts allow fast disease biomarker detection at heightened sensitivity while reducing expenses which advances early cancer and infection as well as neurodegenerative disorder diagnosis. Nanozymes which function as enzyme-mimicking nanocatalysts have transformed biosensing platforms by providing higher selectivity and tougher performance than native enzymes. Nanocatalysis enables controlled drug delivery systems while supporting photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic treatment alongside ROS-based cancer therapy. Nanocatalysts serve to improve antimicrobial and antiviral strategies through their disruption of pathogen metabolic pathways. Although they demonstrate considerable potential their translation to clinical practice requires the resolution of biocompatibility issues and toxicity concerns and controlled activity management. This review explores recent developments in nanocatalytic approaches, highlighting their transformative role in modern healthcare and paving the way for next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.</p>