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<p>This study aims to develop a sustainable and recyclable SnO–CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite catalyst for efficient one-pot synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1&#xa0;H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile in water under mild conditions. SnO–CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite was synthesized via a simple coprecipitation method and characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in one three-component reaction of malononitrile, phenylhydrazine, and substituted aromatic aldehydes, using water as a green solvent. The recyclability of catalyst was assessed over multiple reaction cycles. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency, achieving high yields (81–96%) in shorter reaction times compared to conventional methods. Structural integrity and catalytic activity were retained after five cycles, confirming its stability and recyclability. The synthesized compounds were confirmed via ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral analysis. The synergistic effect between SnO and CeO<sub>2</sub> enhances catalytic performance, making nanocomposite a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional catalysts. Its high efficiency, water-mediated reaction conditions, and reusability reinforce its potential for green and scalable organic synthesis.</p>

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Sustainable Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives Utilizing Recyclable SnO–CeO2 Nanocomposite as Heterogeneous Catalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月2日

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  • Amol Kategaonkar,
  • Avinash Aher,
  • Dnyaneshwar Ghodechor,
  • Manohar Jopale

摘要

This study aims to develop a sustainable and recyclable SnO–CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst for efficient one-pot synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile in water under mild conditions. SnO–CeO2 nanocomposite was synthesized via a simple coprecipitation method and characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in one three-component reaction of malononitrile, phenylhydrazine, and substituted aromatic aldehydes, using water as a green solvent. The recyclability of catalyst was assessed over multiple reaction cycles. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency, achieving high yields (81–96%) in shorter reaction times compared to conventional methods. Structural integrity and catalytic activity were retained after five cycles, confirming its stability and recyclability. The synthesized compounds were confirmed via ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral analysis. The synergistic effect between SnO and CeO2 enhances catalytic performance, making nanocomposite a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional catalysts. Its high efficiency, water-mediated reaction conditions, and reusability reinforce its potential for green and scalable organic synthesis.