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<p>The objective was to evaluate the non-modified (CN) and calcined (CC) clinoptilolite as catalysts of the in-situ co-pyrolysis of <i>Sargassum</i> biomass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Both CN and CC were utilized to enhance the pyrolysis reactions, aiming to upgrade the quality of the resulting byproducts. The potential applications of these byproducts for soil remediation, biofuel and pharmaceutical purposes were also discussed. The feedstock materials and byproducts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH<sub>3</sub>), and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Calcination of CN at 550&#xa0;°C for 5&#xa0;h resulted in a 74% reduction in the number of acid sites, a 40% decrease in crystallinity, and a 1.2-fold reduction in surface area, while the Si/Al ratio and pore size distribution remained largely unchanged. The incorporation of HDPE and catalysts increased the conversion rate of <i>Sargassum</i> from 59% to 73%, facilitated by decarboxylation, dehydration, and secondary cracking reactions. Concerning the oil byproduct, the CN catalyst improved its composition by increasing the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons to 41.8% and reducing sulfur and oxygenated compounds. Conversely, the CC catalyst enhanced the gas byproduct by promoting the production of light hydrocarbons compounds (1.7&#xa0;mol/kg) and methane (1.5&#xa0;mol/kg). The resulting solid residual byproduct (biochar) from all tests exhibited sulfur and nitrogen content, and adsorption properties suitable for agricultural soil remediation. Utilizing cost-effective natural catalysts in the co-pyrolysis of <i>Sargassum</i> and HDPE optimizes the recovery of two marine wastes that pose ecological risks in the Caribbean.</p>

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Natural and Calcined Clinoptilolite as Catalyst for Co-pyrolysis of Sargassum and HDPE: Characterization and Application of Byproducts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Francisco Javier Sanabria Pérez,
  • Carolina Solis Maldonado,
  • Raúl Alejandro Luna Sánchez,
  • Nayeli Ortíz Silos,
  • Alfredo Cristóbal-Salas,
  • Ladislao Sandoval-Rangel,
  • Javier Rivera de la Rosa,
  • Gloria Lourdes Dimas-Rivera,
  • Lucía Atehortua Garcés

摘要

The objective was to evaluate the non-modified (CN) and calcined (CC) clinoptilolite as catalysts of the in-situ co-pyrolysis of Sargassum biomass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Both CN and CC were utilized to enhance the pyrolysis reactions, aiming to upgrade the quality of the resulting byproducts. The potential applications of these byproducts for soil remediation, biofuel and pharmaceutical purposes were also discussed. The feedstock materials and byproducts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3), and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Calcination of CN at 550 °C for 5 h resulted in a 74% reduction in the number of acid sites, a 40% decrease in crystallinity, and a 1.2-fold reduction in surface area, while the Si/Al ratio and pore size distribution remained largely unchanged. The incorporation of HDPE and catalysts increased the conversion rate of Sargassum from 59% to 73%, facilitated by decarboxylation, dehydration, and secondary cracking reactions. Concerning the oil byproduct, the CN catalyst improved its composition by increasing the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons to 41.8% and reducing sulfur and oxygenated compounds. Conversely, the CC catalyst enhanced the gas byproduct by promoting the production of light hydrocarbons compounds (1.7 mol/kg) and methane (1.5 mol/kg). The resulting solid residual byproduct (biochar) from all tests exhibited sulfur and nitrogen content, and adsorption properties suitable for agricultural soil remediation. Utilizing cost-effective natural catalysts in the co-pyrolysis of Sargassum and HDPE optimizes the recovery of two marine wastes that pose ecological risks in the Caribbean.