Polymer-Immobilized Dioxidotungsten(VI) Complex as a Highly Sustainable Catalyst in the One-Pot, Four-Component Synthesis of Bioactive Pyranopyrazole Molecules
摘要
The heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for advancing practical and industrial applications within the framework of sustainable development. Here, we have engineered a Merrifield resin-anchored dioxidotungsten(VI) catalyst (PS-1) by the reaction of a free functional group -OH present in complex [(WVIO2){Hen(3,5-dmb)3}] (1) [where H3en(3,5–dmb)3 represents the benzoxazine ring-opened form of ligand H2en{(3,5-dmb)2(6,8-dmbenzox)} (I) with a Merrifield resin (chloromethylated polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene), resulting in the polymer-supported heterogeneous catalyst, [(WVIO2){en(3,5-dmb)3}]@PS (PS-1). Comprehensive characterization of the PS-1 catalyst was conducted using an array of analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, FE-SEM, MP-AES, XPS and AFM. Following the successful synthesis and extensive characterization of PS-1, its catalytic efficacy was evaluated in the one-pot, four-component synthesis of bioactive pyranopyrazole heterocycles using ethanol as an environmentally benign solvent. Purification through a non-chromatographic method yields up to 97% of the product. The catalyst was proved highly efficient and recyclable, retaining its catalytic activity over multiple runs, thus underscoring its potential for sustainable pyranopyrazole synthesis with reduced environmental impact. A plausible mechanistic pathway for this multicomponent reaction has been proposed, substantiated by the isolation and characterization of intermediate species.
Graphical AbstractA heterogeneous dioxidotungsten(VI) complex of aminiphenolate ligand by immobilizing on polymer has been prepared, characterized, and used as a catalyst for the one-pot, four-component synthesis of pyranopyrazoles, utilizing ethanol as a green solvent