Spectroscopic and biological investigations of a thiourea-derived turn-on sensor for Hg2+ detection and its antimicrobial activity
摘要
In this study, a novel thiourea derivative, TH3, was synthesized and structurally characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The fluorescence sensing behavior of TH3 was explored against a series of metal ions. Among all tested ions, TH3 exhibited a distinct and highly selective “turn-on” fluorescence response exclusively toward Hg2+ ions. This fluorescence enhancement is attributed to the formation of a stable TH3-Hg2+ complex. The Job’s plot confirmed a 1:2 binding stoichiometry between TH3 and Hg2+. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for TH3 were calculated to be 0.0093 ppm (0.0465 µM) and 0.031 ppm, respectively., indicating a high sensitivity suitable for trace-level detection. The practical applicability of TH3 was validated by analyzing various environmental water samples (pond water, drinking water, lake water, and river water) and biological samples (human urine and blood serum), achieving excellent recovery rates ranging from 91.0 ± 0.49% to 102.2 ± 0.75%, demonstrating its reliability and robustness in complex matrices. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of both the free TH3 and its Hg2+ complex was evaluated, with both showing significant antimicrobial efficacy against tested bacterial and fungal strains.