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<p>The present study effectively utilizes the <i>Crassostrea angulata (oyster)</i> marine waste shell to prepare biocompatible titanium (Ti) doped hydroxyapatite (Ti/HAp) through the most popular and widely researched precipitation technique. The prepared Ti/HAp sample was extensively characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX mapping, HR-TEM, together with SAED patterns. The extremely intense peak in XRD diffractograms and the absorption peaks in FTIR (groups such as PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>, OH<sup>−</sup>, and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) confirm the formation of crystalline hexagonal-shaped hydroxyapatite (35&#xa0;nm) in the Ti/HAp matrix. The micrographs of FE-SEM and HR-TEM images at different magnifications portray the distinct rod-like structure of synthesized Ti/HAp. In addition to XRD results, the SAED pattern shows the crystalline nature of the synthesized Ti/HAp. The antibacterial properties and cell viability of the synthesized Ti/HAp composite were thoroughly investigated. The antibacterial activity of Ti/HAp was rigorously evaluated against two distinct bacterial strains: the gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> and the gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>. The cytocompatibility of Ti/HAp was thoroughly evaluated through an MTT assay, utilizing osteoblast cells, specifically the MG-63 cell line. The role of Ti in the antibacterial and cell viability activity of the product was assessed through suitable mechanisms. The cell viability decreases as Ti/HAp concentrations increase. It exhibits cell viability of 80% at the low concentration of 7.8&#xa0;µg/mL. In both bacterial strains, Ti/HAp demonstrated good antibacterial activity at increasing doses. Consequently, the prepared Ti/HAp demonstrates excellent antibacterial activity and cell viability, making it suitable for various biomedical applications.</p>

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Ti-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods from the Crassostrea angulata waste shell: cell-viability and antibacterial activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • G. Suresh,
  • K. Dhanaraj,
  • A. Sindhya,
  • E. Thenpandiyan,
  • B. Dhanalakshmi

摘要

The present study effectively utilizes the Crassostrea angulata (oyster) marine waste shell to prepare biocompatible titanium (Ti) doped hydroxyapatite (Ti/HAp) through the most popular and widely researched precipitation technique. The prepared Ti/HAp sample was extensively characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX mapping, HR-TEM, together with SAED patterns. The extremely intense peak in XRD diffractograms and the absorption peaks in FTIR (groups such as PO43−, OH−, and CO32−) confirm the formation of crystalline hexagonal-shaped hydroxyapatite (35 nm) in the Ti/HAp matrix. The micrographs of FE-SEM and HR-TEM images at different magnifications portray the distinct rod-like structure of synthesized Ti/HAp. In addition to XRD results, the SAED pattern shows the crystalline nature of the synthesized Ti/HAp. The antibacterial properties and cell viability of the synthesized Ti/HAp composite were thoroughly investigated. The antibacterial activity of Ti/HAp was rigorously evaluated against two distinct bacterial strains: the gram-negative Escherichia coli and the gram-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The cytocompatibility of Ti/HAp was thoroughly evaluated through an MTT assay, utilizing osteoblast cells, specifically the MG-63 cell line. The role of Ti in the antibacterial and cell viability activity of the product was assessed through suitable mechanisms. The cell viability decreases as Ti/HAp concentrations increase. It exhibits cell viability of 80% at the low concentration of 7.8 µg/mL. In both bacterial strains, Ti/HAp demonstrated good antibacterial activity at increasing doses. Consequently, the prepared Ti/HAp demonstrates excellent antibacterial activity and cell viability, making it suitable for various biomedical applications.