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<p>The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (<i>SPL</i>) gene family, a plant-specific core transcription factor family, regulates key processes including plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Fort., a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with the dried roots (Radix Isatidis) and leaves (Folium Isatidis), is widely used in clinical practice. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of SPL gene family on its growth and development remain unclear. Here, 15 <i>SPL</i> genes were identified from <i>I. indigotica</i> and classified into eight phylogenetic groups, with highly conserved gene structures and motifs, and the <i>Ii</i>SPL proteins contain characteristic SBP domains. <i>Cis</i>-element and tissue-specific expression analyses suggested that <i>IiSPLs</i> might be involved in the growth regulation of <i>I. indigotica</i>, with functional divergence, showing preliminary clues to organ development and active ingredient accumulation. Heterologous expression of <i>IiSPL9</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> resulted in significantly earlier flowering, suggesting that it could participate in regulating developmental transitions. These findings lays a theoretical foundation for <i>IiSPLs</i> functional exploration and provides a novel molecular breeding strategy, and facilitate the effective exploitation of <i>I. indigotica</i>.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of IiSPL gene family and IiSPL9 functional exploration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Jinyu Zheng,
  • Yuting Zhang,
  • Zhihua Liu,
  • Limi Tang,
  • Bowen Duan,
  • Zirong Wang,
  • Tao Li

摘要

The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) gene family, a plant-specific core transcription factor family, regulates key processes including plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Isatis indigotica Fort., a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with the dried roots (Radix Isatidis) and leaves (Folium Isatidis), is widely used in clinical practice. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of SPL gene family on its growth and development remain unclear. Here, 15 SPL genes were identified from I. indigotica and classified into eight phylogenetic groups, with highly conserved gene structures and motifs, and the IiSPL proteins contain characteristic SBP domains. Cis-element and tissue-specific expression analyses suggested that IiSPLs might be involved in the growth regulation of I. indigotica, with functional divergence, showing preliminary clues to organ development and active ingredient accumulation. Heterologous expression of IiSPL9 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in significantly earlier flowering, suggesting that it could participate in regulating developmental transitions. These findings lays a theoretical foundation for IiSPLs functional exploration and provides a novel molecular breeding strategy, and facilitate the effective exploitation of I. indigotica.