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<p>This study investigated the responses of diploid (2x), triploid (3x), and tetraploid (4x) <i>Betula pendula</i> ‘Purple Rain’ in vitro plantlets to short-term chilling stress at 4&#xa0;°C. Ploidy levels were verified using a CyFlow<sup>®</sup> Ploidy Analyser, and plantlets were exposed to 4&#xa0;°C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 22, 26, and 30&#xa0;h. Chilling injury index, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the expression patterns of <i>BpSOD1</i>–<i>BpSOD5</i> were analyzed. The results showed that triploid clones, especially 3Z<sub>2</sub> and 3Z<sub>3</sub>, exhibited delayed chilling injury compared with diploid and tetraploid plantlets. After 26&#xa0;h of chilling stress, the chilling injury indices of diploid 2Z and tetraploid 4Z reached 100%, whereas the mean index of 3Z<sub>2</sub> and 3Z<sub>3</sub> was 43.06%. During 0–12&#xa0;h of treatment, triploid plantlets generally maintained lower MDA accumulation, indicating reduced membrane lipid peroxidation. Triploid clones also showed higher SOD activity, with the mean activity at 12&#xa0;h being 65.0% and 39.2% higher than those of diploid and tetraploid plantlets, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis showed that <i>BpSOD</i> genes were upregulated under chilling stress, with <i>BpSOD2</i> showing the strongest response in triploids. These results indicate that triploid <i>B. pendula</i> ‘Purple Rain’ plantlets had greater tolerance to short-term 4 ℃ chilling stress, which was associated with lower MDA accumulation, higher SOD activity, and <i>BpSOD2</i> upregulation. Further functional validation is required to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>

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Enhanced tolerance of triploid Betula pendula ‘Purple Rain’ to short-term chilling stress is associated with antioxidant capacity and BpSOD gene expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Jie Zhang,
  • Jingnan Li,
  • Shicheng Li,
  • Ling Lin,
  • Long Liu,
  • Xiaoyue Zhang,
  • Ying Cui,
  • Yujun Zhou,
  • Jing Jiang

摘要

This study investigated the responses of diploid (2x), triploid (3x), and tetraploid (4x) Betula pendula ‘Purple Rain’ in vitro plantlets to short-term chilling stress at 4 °C. Ploidy levels were verified using a CyFlow® Ploidy Analyser, and plantlets were exposed to 4 °C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 22, 26, and 30 h. Chilling injury index, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the expression patterns of BpSOD1–BpSOD5 were analyzed. The results showed that triploid clones, especially 3Z2 and 3Z3, exhibited delayed chilling injury compared with diploid and tetraploid plantlets. After 26 h of chilling stress, the chilling injury indices of diploid 2Z and tetraploid 4Z reached 100%, whereas the mean index of 3Z2 and 3Z3 was 43.06%. During 0–12 h of treatment, triploid plantlets generally maintained lower MDA accumulation, indicating reduced membrane lipid peroxidation. Triploid clones also showed higher SOD activity, with the mean activity at 12 h being 65.0% and 39.2% higher than those of diploid and tetraploid plantlets, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis showed that BpSOD genes were upregulated under chilling stress, with BpSOD2 showing the strongest response in triploids. These results indicate that triploid B. pendula ‘Purple Rain’ plantlets had greater tolerance to short-term 4 ℃ chilling stress, which was associated with lower MDA accumulation, higher SOD activity, and BpSOD2 upregulation. Further functional validation is required to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.