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<p>Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most efficient regeneration pathways in plants and has become a pivotal tool for rapid clonal propagation and the conservation of valuable germplasm resources. It is orchestrated by a complex, multilayered transcriptional regulatory network. However, how plants finely tune genes that govern cell totipotency and somatic embryo formation through dynamic remodeling of epigenetic landscapes remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant SE, with particular emphasis on the roles of chromatin-based epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, together with miRNA-mediated pathways, in the acquisition, maintenance, and loss of embryogenic competence. We further discuss how epigenetic inhibitors modulate somatic embryo induction and development, and highlight emerging epigenetic tools for investigation of SE process. Finally, we outline future research directions on the interplay between epigenetic regulation and somatic embryogenesis, aiming to provide new insights into the epigenetic control of somatic embryo formation in plants.</p>

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Epigenetic control of plant somatic embryogenesis: roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA-mediated pathways in embryogenic competence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Jianfei Yang,
  • Jing Cui,
  • Junxia Xing,
  • Xiaojie Teng,
  • Hailong Shen

摘要

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most efficient regeneration pathways in plants and has become a pivotal tool for rapid clonal propagation and the conservation of valuable germplasm resources. It is orchestrated by a complex, multilayered transcriptional regulatory network. However, how plants finely tune genes that govern cell totipotency and somatic embryo formation through dynamic remodeling of epigenetic landscapes remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant SE, with particular emphasis on the roles of chromatin-based epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, together with miRNA-mediated pathways, in the acquisition, maintenance, and loss of embryogenic competence. We further discuss how epigenetic inhibitors modulate somatic embryo induction and development, and highlight emerging epigenetic tools for investigation of SE process. Finally, we outline future research directions on the interplay between epigenetic regulation and somatic embryogenesis, aiming to provide new insights into the epigenetic control of somatic embryo formation in plants.