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<p>Hairy roots (HR) are one of the most promising in vitro systems specifically engineered for large-scale cultivation of bioactive compounds in valuable medicinal plants. To maximise the yield of bioactive compounds in HRs, light optimisation stands a pivotal factor. This study addresses the intricate interplay between photoperiods and key physiological aspects involving the growth, morphology and synthesis of three of the major bioactive compounds (eurycomanone, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one) in HRs of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> (Tongkat Ali). HRs were cultured for twelve weeks under white LED light in three photoperiods: 24&#xa0;h of light, 16/8 hours of light/darkness and continuous darkness. Their growth pattern, histomorphology and the yield of the bioactive compounds were determined using HPLC. The results revealed that HRs exposed to 24&#xa0;h of light exhibited the highest dry weight (0.32&#xa0;g/50 mL) and thickness, while those grown in the dark showed more lateral roots. In addition, HRs cultured under dark conditions had uniformly sized cells, while cells under prolonged light exposure were inconsistent. In the synthesis of bioactive compounds, HR cultured under 24&#xa0;h light produced the highest yield of eurycomanone (14.05 ± 1.94&#xa0;µg/g DW) at four weeks after culture. Conversely, HR cultured in continuous darkness had the highest yield of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one after four weeks (10.97 ± 1.54&#xa0;µg/g DW); and highest yield of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one of 7.78 ± 0.16&#xa0;µg/g DW and 6.97 ± 0.05&#xa0;µg/g DW after fourth and eighth weeks of culture respectively. This study elucidates the potential application of light for commercial-scale production of biomass and bioactive compounds in Tongkat Ali for pharmaceutical applications.</p>

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Effects of photoperiods on growth and synthesis of eurycomanone and canthin-6-one alkaloids in Eurycoma longifolia hairy roots

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Sani Sale,
  • Mahmoud Ali Khalaf Abushattal,
  • Nor Hasnida Hassan,
  • Sreeramanan Subramaniam,
  • Mohamad Fadhli Mad’ Atari

摘要

Hairy roots (HR) are one of the most promising in vitro systems specifically engineered for large-scale cultivation of bioactive compounds in valuable medicinal plants. To maximise the yield of bioactive compounds in HRs, light optimisation stands a pivotal factor. This study addresses the intricate interplay between photoperiods and key physiological aspects involving the growth, morphology and synthesis of three of the major bioactive compounds (eurycomanone, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one) in HRs of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali). HRs were cultured for twelve weeks under white LED light in three photoperiods: 24 h of light, 16/8 hours of light/darkness and continuous darkness. Their growth pattern, histomorphology and the yield of the bioactive compounds were determined using HPLC. The results revealed that HRs exposed to 24 h of light exhibited the highest dry weight (0.32 g/50 mL) and thickness, while those grown in the dark showed more lateral roots. In addition, HRs cultured under dark conditions had uniformly sized cells, while cells under prolonged light exposure were inconsistent. In the synthesis of bioactive compounds, HR cultured under 24 h light produced the highest yield of eurycomanone (14.05 ± 1.94 µg/g DW) at four weeks after culture. Conversely, HR cultured in continuous darkness had the highest yield of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one after four weeks (10.97 ± 1.54 µg/g DW); and highest yield of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one of 7.78 ± 0.16 µg/g DW and 6.97 ± 0.05 µg/g DW after fourth and eighth weeks of culture respectively. This study elucidates the potential application of light for commercial-scale production of biomass and bioactive compounds in Tongkat Ali for pharmaceutical applications.