<p>Willows (<i>Salix</i> spp.) are fast-growing trees and have a lot of potential as a renewable biomass source for bioenergy. They also present viable alternatives for reducing the consequences of deforestation and global warming, as well as aiding in the restoration of natural ecosystems impacted by mine spoil, industrial waste, soil erosion, and contaminated soil sites. Willow plants can be propagated from stem cuttings, although many clones have trouble establishing roots. Consequently, in vitro micropropagation techniques have been used to multiply willow species or clones quickly. Nodal and apical buds have been successfully used in willow micropropagation; this process is controlled by a number of variables, including genotype, explant physiological state, media components, and plant growth regulators. This review summarizes the specific requirements for the several stages of micropropagation of willows, including the establishment of in vitro culture, shoot multiplication, rooting of shoots, and acclimation. Furthermore, the use of liquid cultures for willow micropropagation has also been covered.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>