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<p>For the first time, a mixoploid plants and callus cultures of <i>Rhodiola rosea</i> L. were established. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that seed treatment with 1000 µM colchicine for 24 hours induced mixoploidy in 30% of the samples, while the remaining 70% remained diploid. The combination of 5 µM thidiazuron and 5 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid resulted in a 100% callus induction rate from cotyledonary leaves and supported callus growth up to 50&#xa0;g/L dry weight. The phenylpropanoids identified in the rhizomes of in vitro plants (control, 2n) were rosavin, rosin, unidentified phenylpropanoids (PP1, PP2, and PP3), and cinnamyl alcohol. In the mixoploid calluses, the same phenylpropanoids were detected, with the exception of PP1. In the diploid calluses, no phenylpropanoids were detectable within the sensitivity limits of the analytical method used. ANOVA confirmed the significant influence of both UV exposure and cinnamyl alcohol concentration on phenylpropanoid accumulation in mixoploid calluses, with levels reaching up to 484&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g dry weight. Rosin was identified as the major phenylpropanoid in mixoploid calluses under standard conditions. However, after 72 hours of UV irradiation and cinnamyl alcohol supplementation, PP3 became the dominant compound. This study demonstrates that combining polyploidization, biotransformation, and elicitation is a promising alternative strategy for enhancing metabolite production in <i>Rhodiola rosea</i> cell cultures. Moreover, the targeted application of these stress factors can serve as a tool for ‘metabolic engineering’ in its callus culture. This approach may facilitate the sequential scale-up of metabolite biosynthesis in bioreactors to meet industrial demands.</p>

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The effect of cinnamyl alcohol on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in mixoploid Rhodiola rosea L. callus cultures under different light regimes and UV exposure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Anna A. Erst,
  • Olga V. Kotsupiy,
  • Maria A. Tomoshevich,
  • Evgeny V. Banaev

摘要

For the first time, a mixoploid plants and callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea L. were established. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that seed treatment with 1000 µM colchicine for 24 hours induced mixoploidy in 30% of the samples, while the remaining 70% remained diploid. The combination of 5 µM thidiazuron and 5 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid resulted in a 100% callus induction rate from cotyledonary leaves and supported callus growth up to 50 g/L dry weight. The phenylpropanoids identified in the rhizomes of in vitro plants (control, 2n) were rosavin, rosin, unidentified phenylpropanoids (PP1, PP2, and PP3), and cinnamyl alcohol. In the mixoploid calluses, the same phenylpropanoids were detected, with the exception of PP1. In the diploid calluses, no phenylpropanoids were detectable within the sensitivity limits of the analytical method used. ANOVA confirmed the significant influence of both UV exposure and cinnamyl alcohol concentration on phenylpropanoid accumulation in mixoploid calluses, with levels reaching up to 484 mg/100 g dry weight. Rosin was identified as the major phenylpropanoid in mixoploid calluses under standard conditions. However, after 72 hours of UV irradiation and cinnamyl alcohol supplementation, PP3 became the dominant compound. This study demonstrates that combining polyploidization, biotransformation, and elicitation is a promising alternative strategy for enhancing metabolite production in Rhodiola rosea cell cultures. Moreover, the targeted application of these stress factors can serve as a tool for ‘metabolic engineering’ in its callus culture. This approach may facilitate the sequential scale-up of metabolite biosynthesis in bioreactors to meet industrial demands.