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<p>Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.), the world’s most expensive spice, has been cultivated for thousands of years and continues to attract growing global attention owing to its recognized human health benefits, medicinal properties, and potent antioxidant effects. However, its large-scale production remains constrained by limitations of the propagation method. In this regard, micropropagation offers an alternative for efficient and sustainable mass production of this high-value medicinal plants. This study reports the optimization of an in vitro saffron production protocol using apical and axial buds in four stages: corm disinfection, bud sprouting, shoot growth, and cormlet formation. Among the sterilization treatments evaluated, the most effective sterilization, with the lowest contamination rate of 10%, was achieved with 1&#xa0;min of 70% ethanol, followed by 20&#xa0;min of exposure to a 0.2% HgCL<sub>2</sub> solution. Furthermore, higher bud sprouting (86.11%) was observed in MS supplemented with 1&#xa0;mg/L BA and 1&#xa0;mg/L NAA. The hormonal combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (2.75&#xa0;mg/L ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.25&#xa0;mg/L ) produced a higher shoot number with an average of 1.2 shoots per explant, and an average length of 15.9&#xa0;cm. The highest cormlet formation (100%) was recorded after 6% sucrose combined with paclobutrazol, with an average of 1.25 cormlets per shoot. The maximum saffron cormlet size (13.46&#xa0;mm) and weight (5.18&#xa0;g) were achieved in the medium supplemented with 9% sucrose and 5&#xa0;mg/L paclobutrazol. This research provides a robust framework with significant potential for mass production of <i>C. sativus</i> and for future practical integration of in vitro biotechnology into conservation programs.</p>

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In vitro shoot growth and micro-corm production: unveiling the effect of paclobutrazol and sucrose to boost saffron cormogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Soumaya EL Merzougui,
  • Imane Boudadi,
  • Khalid Lagram,
  • Mohamed Ben El Caid,
  • Rachida El Boullani,
  • Mohammed Amine Serghini

摘要

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), the world’s most expensive spice, has been cultivated for thousands of years and continues to attract growing global attention owing to its recognized human health benefits, medicinal properties, and potent antioxidant effects. However, its large-scale production remains constrained by limitations of the propagation method. In this regard, micropropagation offers an alternative for efficient and sustainable mass production of this high-value medicinal plants. This study reports the optimization of an in vitro saffron production protocol using apical and axial buds in four stages: corm disinfection, bud sprouting, shoot growth, and cormlet formation. Among the sterilization treatments evaluated, the most effective sterilization, with the lowest contamination rate of 10%, was achieved with 1 min of 70% ethanol, followed by 20 min of exposure to a 0.2% HgCL2 solution. Furthermore, higher bud sprouting (86.11%) was observed in MS supplemented with 1 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L NAA. The hormonal combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (2.75 mg/L ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.25 mg/L ) produced a higher shoot number with an average of 1.2 shoots per explant, and an average length of 15.9 cm. The highest cormlet formation (100%) was recorded after 6% sucrose combined with paclobutrazol, with an average of 1.25 cormlets per shoot. The maximum saffron cormlet size (13.46 mm) and weight (5.18 g) were achieved in the medium supplemented with 9% sucrose and 5 mg/L paclobutrazol. This research provides a robust framework with significant potential for mass production of C. sativus and for future practical integration of in vitro biotechnology into conservation programs.