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<p><i>Isatis glauca</i>, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is a perennial or biennial plant species endemic to Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod regimes on root growth, indigotin and indirubin accumulation, and the expression of <i>tryptophan synthase alpha</i> (<i>TSA</i>) and <i>cytochrome P450</i> (<i>CYP79B2)</i> genes involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites in <i>I. glauca</i> root cultures. For this aim, root cultures were maintained for two weeks under continuous light (CL), continuous dark (CD), and 16&#xa0;h light/8&#xa0;h dark (16&#xa0;L/8D) conditions. The results revealed that CD conditions increased root dry weight, and the levels of indole alkaloids as well as gene activities varied depending on the photoperiod regimes. CL conditions promoted <i>TSA</i> gene activity and indirubin accumulation, whereas CD conditions enhanced <i>CYP79B2</i> gene expression and indigotin accumulation. These findings suggest that photoperiod regulates root biomass and secondary metabolite production by targeting specific metabolic pathways and may create a synergistic effect between genes and their corresponding metabolites. Overall, the study demonstrates that different photoperiod regimes play a decisive and multifaceted role in plant metabolism, and that determining optimal photoperiod conditions can serve as an effective strategy to increase the yield of target metabolites under in vitro conditions.</p>

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Photoperiod-dependent regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and gene expression in Isatis glauca root cultures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Alper Cessur,
  • İlknur Albayrak,
  • Nilgün Göktürk Baydar

摘要

Isatis glauca, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is a perennial or biennial plant species endemic to Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod regimes on root growth, indigotin and indirubin accumulation, and the expression of tryptophan synthase alpha (TSA) and cytochrome P450 (CYP79B2) genes involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites in I. glauca root cultures. For this aim, root cultures were maintained for two weeks under continuous light (CL), continuous dark (CD), and 16 h light/8 h dark (16 L/8D) conditions. The results revealed that CD conditions increased root dry weight, and the levels of indole alkaloids as well as gene activities varied depending on the photoperiod regimes. CL conditions promoted TSA gene activity and indirubin accumulation, whereas CD conditions enhanced CYP79B2 gene expression and indigotin accumulation. These findings suggest that photoperiod regulates root biomass and secondary metabolite production by targeting specific metabolic pathways and may create a synergistic effect between genes and their corresponding metabolites. Overall, the study demonstrates that different photoperiod regimes play a decisive and multifaceted role in plant metabolism, and that determining optimal photoperiod conditions can serve as an effective strategy to increase the yield of target metabolites under in vitro conditions.