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<p>An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for potted Calla lily (<i>Zantedeschia</i> spp.) cultivars ‘Sun Club’, ‘Orania’, and ‘Zazu’, spanning from callus induction to flowering via indirect organogenesis. Various explants microtubers, leaf segments, meristems, and proliferative basal clusters (PBCs) derived from in vitro-grown plantlets were evaluated under different plant growth regulator (PGR) regimes, with the addition of fipexide (FPX) as a biostimulant to enhance morphogenic performance and accelerate culture progression. Among the explants tested, PBCs exhibited the highest regenerative potential, achieving callus induction frequencies of 85% in ‘Sun Club’, 84% in ‘Orania’, and 85% in ‘Zazu’ on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The inclusion of FPX significantly enhanced callus induction and reduced response time. Optimal shoot regeneration (up to 88%) was achieved on MS medium containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L kinetin (KIN). FPX also promoted microtuber enlargement and root development when combined with appropriate PGRs, with maximum efficacy observed at low concentrations. The study comprehensively assessed key factors influencing the micropropagation pipeline, including cultivar-specific responses, plantlet quality, in vitro microtuber formation, rooting, acclimatization, post-acclimatization tuber growth, survival rate, and time to flowering all of which were found to be highly interdependent. Finally, the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants from superior treatments was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and flow cytometry. No ploidy-level variations or polymorphic DNA banding patterns were detected between regenerated plants and mother plants across all three cultivars, confirming high genetic stability. However, considerable genetic diversity was observed among the cultivars, reflecting their distinct genetic backgrounds. This study presents a robust, reproducible protocol for large-scale in vitro production of potted Calla lily, identifying PBCs as a superior explant source and FPX as a promising enhancer of multiple culture stages.</p>

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Micropropagation and flowering of calla lily via proliferative basal cluster: enhancement by fipexide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Hassan Abedini Aboksari,
  • Mehrshad Zeinalabedini,
  • Ayoub Molaahmad Nalousi,
  • Elaheh Hashemidehkordi,
  • Pejman Azadi

摘要

An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for potted Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) cultivars ‘Sun Club’, ‘Orania’, and ‘Zazu’, spanning from callus induction to flowering via indirect organogenesis. Various explants microtubers, leaf segments, meristems, and proliferative basal clusters (PBCs) derived from in vitro-grown plantlets were evaluated under different plant growth regulator (PGR) regimes, with the addition of fipexide (FPX) as a biostimulant to enhance morphogenic performance and accelerate culture progression. Among the explants tested, PBCs exhibited the highest regenerative potential, achieving callus induction frequencies of 85% in ‘Sun Club’, 84% in ‘Orania’, and 85% in ‘Zazu’ on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The inclusion of FPX significantly enhanced callus induction and reduced response time. Optimal shoot regeneration (up to 88%) was achieved on MS medium containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L kinetin (KIN). FPX also promoted microtuber enlargement and root development when combined with appropriate PGRs, with maximum efficacy observed at low concentrations. The study comprehensively assessed key factors influencing the micropropagation pipeline, including cultivar-specific responses, plantlet quality, in vitro microtuber formation, rooting, acclimatization, post-acclimatization tuber growth, survival rate, and time to flowering all of which were found to be highly interdependent. Finally, the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants from superior treatments was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and flow cytometry. No ploidy-level variations or polymorphic DNA banding patterns were detected between regenerated plants and mother plants across all three cultivars, confirming high genetic stability. However, considerable genetic diversity was observed among the cultivars, reflecting their distinct genetic backgrounds. This study presents a robust, reproducible protocol for large-scale in vitro production of potted Calla lily, identifying PBCs as a superior explant source and FPX as a promising enhancer of multiple culture stages.