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<p>Saw palmetto (<i>Serenoa repens</i> Bart. Small) is a keystone species in Florida ecosystems, valued for its ecological, economic, and medicinal importance. Overharvesting of its fruits from wild populations has raised conservation concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable production methods. In this study, a micropropagation protocol for saw palmetto was developed using somatic embryogenesis with immature inflorescences as explants, for better feasibility and reliability of production. Three genotypes were evaluated under different auxin types, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (picloram) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and concentrations 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/L. Callus formation and pro-embryogenic mass development were assessed after ten months. Histological samples were collected from the different morphological stages of globular, torpedo and fully developed cotyledonary somatic embryos. Callus and pro-embryogenic mass formation were strongly genotype dependent and differentially modulated by auxin type and concentration. A significant Genotype × Auxin × Concentration interaction demonstrated that genotypes 1 and 2 exhibited marked and distinct responses to 2,4-D and Picloram across concentrations, whereas genotype 3 showed consistently low responsiveness. These findings highlight the need for genotype-specific optimization of auxin regimes to improve somatic embryogenesis efficiency in saw palmetto. Pro-embryogenic masses developed asynchronously and regenerated into whole plants on MS medium without additional plant growth regulators, achieving a preliminary regeneration rate exceeding 60%. These findings highlight the potential of clonal propagation for commercial saw palmetto production, reducing dependence on wild harvesting and supporting long-term conservation efforts. This study is the first to report somatic embryogenesis of saw palmetto using immature inflorescences.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable propagation of saw palmetto through somatic embryogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Vânia Maria Pereira,
  • Autumn Reeves,
  • Adina Grossman,
  • Thiago Souza Campos,
  • Jena Osmani,
  • Patricia Ramalho de Barros,
  • David Beleski,
  • Wagner Vendrame

摘要

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens Bart. Small) is a keystone species in Florida ecosystems, valued for its ecological, economic, and medicinal importance. Overharvesting of its fruits from wild populations has raised conservation concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable production methods. In this study, a micropropagation protocol for saw palmetto was developed using somatic embryogenesis with immature inflorescences as explants, for better feasibility and reliability of production. Three genotypes were evaluated under different auxin types, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (picloram) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and concentrations 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/L. Callus formation and pro-embryogenic mass development were assessed after ten months. Histological samples were collected from the different morphological stages of globular, torpedo and fully developed cotyledonary somatic embryos. Callus and pro-embryogenic mass formation were strongly genotype dependent and differentially modulated by auxin type and concentration. A significant Genotype × Auxin × Concentration interaction demonstrated that genotypes 1 and 2 exhibited marked and distinct responses to 2,4-D and Picloram across concentrations, whereas genotype 3 showed consistently low responsiveness. These findings highlight the need for genotype-specific optimization of auxin regimes to improve somatic embryogenesis efficiency in saw palmetto. Pro-embryogenic masses developed asynchronously and regenerated into whole plants on MS medium without additional plant growth regulators, achieving a preliminary regeneration rate exceeding 60%. These findings highlight the potential of clonal propagation for commercial saw palmetto production, reducing dependence on wild harvesting and supporting long-term conservation efforts. This study is the first to report somatic embryogenesis of saw palmetto using immature inflorescences.

Graphical Abstract