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<p>Optimization of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) for efficient in vitro regeneration remains a critical step in advancing micropropagation protocols, particularly for species with high nutritional and economic value such as <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (watermelon) and <i>C. colocynthis</i> (“egusi” melon). This study assessed the comparative effectiveness of <i>Bryophyllum pinnatum</i> leaf extract, coconut water, and selected synthetic PGRs: gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in promoting shoot and root development in <i>C. lanatus</i> and <i>C. colocynthis</i>. Cotyledonary explants derived from seedlings germinated on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L concentrations of each of the four PGRs. Across all measured (shoot and root growth) parameters, MS with <i>B. pinnatum</i> extract produced the most pronounced morphogenic results. In <i>C. colocynthis</i>, regeneration efficiency reached 100% at all concentrations, with peak shoot number (18), shoot length (15.9 cm), root length (6.0 cm), and multiplication rate (180%) at 2.5 mg/L of <i>B. pinnatum</i> extract. <i>Citrullus</i> lanatus exhibited highest regeneration in MS medium with 0.5 mg/L <i>B. pinnatum</i> extract, with performance declining at higher concentrations, indicating species-specific sensitivity. While coconut water also stimulated regeneration, its effects were less consistent and generally lower than those of <i>B. pinnatum</i>. The marked genotypic variation underscores the importance of genotype-specific optimization in cucurbit tissue culture. The use of <i>B. pinnatum</i>, a readily available, low-cost organic additive, presents a sustainable alternative to expensive synthetic PGRs, with potential to improve large-scale production systems of cucurbits.</p>

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Organic growth regulator-driven in vitro regeneration of Citrullus lanatus and C. colocynthis: Bryophyllum pinnatum extract outperforms synthetic hormones

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Ojo Emem Shalom,
  • Ogunsola Kayode Ezekiel,
  • Ogunsola Justina Folasayo,
  • Odesola Kafilat Abiodun,
  • Olosunde Olatunde Musibau

摘要

Optimization of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) for efficient in vitro regeneration remains a critical step in advancing micropropagation protocols, particularly for species with high nutritional and economic value such as Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) and C. colocynthis (“egusi” melon). This study assessed the comparative effectiveness of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract, coconut water, and selected synthetic PGRs: gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in promoting shoot and root development in C. lanatus and C. colocynthis. Cotyledonary explants derived from seedlings germinated on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L concentrations of each of the four PGRs. Across all measured (shoot and root growth) parameters, MS with B. pinnatum extract produced the most pronounced morphogenic results. In C. colocynthis, regeneration efficiency reached 100% at all concentrations, with peak shoot number (18), shoot length (15.9 cm), root length (6.0 cm), and multiplication rate (180%) at 2.5 mg/L of B. pinnatum extract. Citrullus lanatus exhibited highest regeneration in MS medium with 0.5 mg/L B. pinnatum extract, with performance declining at higher concentrations, indicating species-specific sensitivity. While coconut water also stimulated regeneration, its effects were less consistent and generally lower than those of B. pinnatum. The marked genotypic variation underscores the importance of genotype-specific optimization in cucurbit tissue culture. The use of B. pinnatum, a readily available, low-cost organic additive, presents a sustainable alternative to expensive synthetic PGRs, with potential to improve large-scale production systems of cucurbits.