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<p>Natural ventilation (NV) is an in vitro cultivation system that offers improved photosynthetic conditions, more functional stomata, and higher shoot formation rates. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying orchid responses to NV remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NV on the physiology and morphogenesis of <i>Maxillaria picta</i> during in vitro culture and acclimatization. Plants obtained by seed germination were cultivated under two conditions: conventional (CV) and NV. The external morphology and gas exchange were analyzed in vitro. During acclimatization, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence, and survival rates were assessed. NV promoted a higher number of shoots and increased the concentration of all photosynthetic pigments, suggesting an enhanced shoot productivity and photosynthetic potential. Gas exchange analysis revealed lower variability and a more uniform physiological performance in NV-grown plants. Acclimatization contributed to further data uniformity in both treatments. NV-grown plants also exhibit higher electron transport rates and greater photochemical quenching, indicating improved photosystem II activity. These findings enhance our understanding of the morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses of <i>M. picta</i> to NV conditions and provide a foundation for further research on orchid micropropagation.</p>

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Natural ventilation enhances shoot proliferation and primes photosynthetic function in in vitro cultivated Maxillaria picta (Orchidaceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Fernanda Raach da Silva,
  • Clarissa Alves Stefanello,
  • Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes,
  • Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga

摘要

Natural ventilation (NV) is an in vitro cultivation system that offers improved photosynthetic conditions, more functional stomata, and higher shoot formation rates. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying orchid responses to NV remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NV on the physiology and morphogenesis of Maxillaria picta during in vitro culture and acclimatization. Plants obtained by seed germination were cultivated under two conditions: conventional (CV) and NV. The external morphology and gas exchange were analyzed in vitro. During acclimatization, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and survival rates were assessed. NV promoted a higher number of shoots and increased the concentration of all photosynthetic pigments, suggesting an enhanced shoot productivity and photosynthetic potential. Gas exchange analysis revealed lower variability and a more uniform physiological performance in NV-grown plants. Acclimatization contributed to further data uniformity in both treatments. NV-grown plants also exhibit higher electron transport rates and greater photochemical quenching, indicating improved photosystem II activity. These findings enhance our understanding of the morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses of M. picta to NV conditions and provide a foundation for further research on orchid micropropagation.